A medical device system. The system includes a first medical device, a first remote interface, and a second remote interface in communication with the first remote interface and the first medical device, wherein the first medical device sends a command to the first medical device through the second remote interface, and wherein when the second remote interface receives the command, the command must be confirmed by the second remote interface before the command is send by the second remote interface to the first medical device.

The subject matter described herein provides systems and techniques for enhancing a user’s performance. In particular, the physiological characteristics of the user can be altered toward target characteristics to bring about a particular physiological state in the user. Multiple physiological signals of the user may be sensed. Physiological characteristics indicative of a physiological state of the user may be determined. A differential between the physiological characteristics and selected target physiological characteristics may be determined. A selected energy signal associated with a correction action may be communicated to nerves associated with the user’s skin by outputting, using an energy generator, the energy signal toward the skin with one or more different energy types based on the differential. This may allow a particular targeted physiological state to be more rapidly brought about in the user.

Apparatus and methods for delivering humidified breathing gas to a patient are provided. The apparatus includes a humidification system configured to deliver humidified breathing gas to a patient. The humidification system includes a vapor transfer unit and a base unit. The vapor transfer unit includes a liquid passage, a breathing gas passage, and a vapor transfer device positioned to transfer vapor to the breathing gas passage from the liquid passage. The base unit includes a base unit that releasably engages the vapor transfer unit to enable reuse of the base unit and selective disposal of the vapor transfer unit. The liquid passage is not coupled to the base unit for liquid flow therebetween when the vapor transfer unit is received by the base unit.

An applicator can include a dispenser for dispensing an amount of a therapeutic composition, which can include an amount of sugar or sugar alcohol and an amount of an alkalizing agent. In some cases, the alkalizing agent can include L-Arginine. In some cases, 75% or more of the composition by weight has a comedogenicity rating of 3 or less on a scale of 0-5. The dispenser can also have a power supply configured to provide power through a contact tip of the dispenser to provide nerve stimulation, such as using vibration, heating, cooling, and/or electrical stimulation.

Apparatuses and methods for treating neurological and/or neuropsychiatric disorders are by application of thermal energy to the patient's forehead region, for example, by maintaining a target temperature or temperature range to the forehead of a patient for a time period. In particular, described herein are regional brain cooling mechanisms to treat neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and autism.

Devices for delivering a controlled concentration of an agent are provided. The device includes a reservoir for the agent and a flow control portion operably connected to the reservoir. The device also includes a valve for releasing the agent from the flow control portion and a pump for flowing air to mix with the agent released by the valve and for flowing the agent and air mixture out of the device. Methods of delivering a vaporized agent to a subject are also provided. The methods include storing a liquid agent in a reservoir of a device and flowing the agent into a flow control chamber to change the agent to a gas. The methods also include mixing the agent in gas form with air and flowing the agent and air mixture out of the device to be delivered to a subject.

Disclosed is a drug vaporization and inhalation device. The present invention is configured such that when an infected patient with asthma, a coronavirus, or the like inhales a particulate drug, the drug is contained in vaporized steam, and therefore, the drug can sufficiently arrive at the lungs of the infected patient with asthma, a coronavirus, or the like, without loss, thereby preventing a given amount of the drug from remaining in an inhalation container and improving the drug inhalation efficiency of the infected patient with asthma, a coronavirus, or the like along with prevention of excessive inhalation of the drug.

A nasal delivery device for delivering substance to a nasal cavity of a subject, the delivery device comprising: a substance supply unit for supplying a dose of substance to be delivered to the nasal cavity of the subject, the substance supply unit including an inlet and an outlet; a nosepiece unit including a nosepiece for fitting to a nasal cavity of the subject and being in fluid communication with the outlet of the substance supply unit; and a mouthpiece unit including a mouthpiece in fluid communication with the inlet of the substance supply unit and through which the subject in use exhales such as to entrain substance from the container chamber and deliver the same through the nosepiece, and at least one temperature modifier for reducing a temperature of the exhaled air flow such as to reduce the absolute humidity thereof.

Numerous aspects of communication devices, methods, and systems are described in this application. One aspect is an apparatus comprising an energy generator comprising: a plurality of generator elements operable to output a plurality of different energy types in a signal direction toward a physiologic tissue; a printed circuit board that mechanically supports and electrically connects the plurality of generator elements to each other; each generator element of the plurality of generator elements being independently operable, when the energy generator is positioned relative to the physiologic tissue, to communicate with different nerves associated with the physiologic tissue by outputting a different portion of an energy signal in the signal direction toward the physiologic tissue with one energy type of the plurality of different energy types.

An apparatus includes a housing including a power source; a reservoir including an inlet, an outlet, and configured to contain vaporizable material and couple to the housing; and a PTCR heating element configured to electrically couple to the power source and heat the vaporizable material to form an aerosol. The PTCR heating element includes an electrical resistivity that varies based on temperature. The electrical resistivity includes an electrical resistivity transition zone including an increase in electrical resistivity over a temperature range such that, when the PTCR heating element is heated to a first temperature within the transition zone, current flow from the power source is reduced to a level that limits further temperature increases of the PTCR heating element. Related apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles are also described.