A method for a model-based open-loop and closed-loop control of an internal combustion engine includes the steps of: calculating, by an optimizer, a pre-optimized quality measure based on an operating situation, wherein, in calculating the pre-optimized quality measure, a plurality of discrete manipulated variables having a plurality of discrete settings are interpreted as a plurality of continuous manipulated variables having a continuous settings range; quantizing the plurality of continuous manipulated variables, and the plurality of continuous manipulated variables are set as a plurality of new discrete manipulated variables (SG(new)) having a plurality of discrete settings; and calculating, by the optimizer, a post-optimized quality measure based on the plurality of new discrete manipulated variables and the operating situation of the internal combustion engine, and the post-optimized quality measure is set as critical for an operating point of the internal combustion engine by the optimizer.

Separation of carbon dioxide from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine, the production of hydrogen from water, and reformation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into relatively high-octane fuel components.

A control system for a hybrid vehicle configured to suppress a temperature rise in a transmission while achieving a required driving force without modifying a cooling system. If a temperature in the transmission is lower than a threshold level during propulsion in a hybrid mode, a controller operates an engine at an optimally fuel efficient point. If the temperature in the transmission system is equal to or higher than the threshold level during propulsion in a hybrid mode, the controller shifts the operating point of the engine to the point at which the heat generation in the transmission system can be suppressed.

A control system for a hybrid vehicle configured to suppress a temperature rise in a transmission while achieving a required driving force without modifying a cooling system. If a temperature in the transmission is lower than a threshold level during propulsion in a hybrid mode, a controller operates an engine at an optimally fuel efficient point. If the temperature in the transmission system is equal to or higher than the threshold level during propulsion in a hybrid mode, the controller shifts the operating point of the engine to the point at which the heat generation in the transmission system can be suppressed.

A method of controlling an engine is provided, which includes, during motoring of the engine, injecting, by an injector, fuel for analysis into a cylinder of the engine at a specific timing after an intake valve of the cylinder is closed. The method includes acquiring, by a controller, a crank angle period from a start timing of the fuel injection to a timing of a pressure inside the cylinder reaching a reference pressure, in response to signals of a crank angle sensor and an in-cylinder pressure sensor. The method includes determining, by the controller, a property of the fuel injected by the injector by comparing the acquired crank angle period with a reference crank angle period, the reference crank angle period being from an injection start timing when a standard fuel is injected into the cylinder to a timing of the pressure inside the cylinder reaching the reference pressure.

An engine controlling method is provided, which includes, during motoring of the engine, outputting, by an in-cylinder pressure sensor, to a controller a signal indicative of a reference pressure corresponding to a pressure change after an intake valve of a cylinder of the engine is closed when not performing fuel injection, and then injecting, by an injector, fuel for analysis into the cylinder at a specific timing after the intake valve is closed. The method includes, by the controller, acquiring a crank angle period from the intake valve close timing, through the fuel injection, to a timing of the in-cylinder pressure reaching the reference pressure based on signals from the in-cylinder pressure sensor and a crank angle sensor, and determining a property of the injected fuel by comparing the acquired crank angle period with that of a standard fuel based on stored information on a property of the standard fuel.

A control system for an aero compression combustion drive assembly, the aero compression combustion drive assembly having an engine member, a transmission member and a propeller member, the control system including a sensor for sensing a pressure parameter in each of a plurality of compression chambers of the engine member, the sensor for providing the sensed pressure parameter to a control system device, the control system device having a plurality of control programs for effecting selected engine control and the control system device acting on the sensed pressure parameter to effect a control strategy in the engine member A control method is further included.

In a control method of an internal combustion engine including a fuel injection valve having a plurality of injection holes and adapted to directly inject a fuel into a cylinder and an ignition plug adapted to generate a plug discharging channel, after fuel injection is performed, spark ignition is performed while turbulence in an air flow is generated by the fuel injection by an ignition plug disposed so that a discharging region is sandwiched by fuel sprays injected from the two adjacent injection holes and located within a range where the turbulence in the air flow is generated.

A system includes a fuel tank and a dehydration reactor that are configured to provide a primary fuel and a pilot fuel to a power system. The fuel tank is configured to store the primary fuel and is fluidly connected to a reactor feed line and a primary fuel line provide the primary fuel. The dehydration reactor is configured to receive the primary fuel via the reactor feed line and convert a portion of the primary fuel to the pilot fuel and a byproduct. The power system is configured to receive the pilot fuel from the dehydration reactor to initiate combustion of the primary fuel. The power system also includes a cylinder with an internal piston that receives the pilot fuel and the primary fuel, contains the combustion reaction, and generates power from the combustion reaction; and contains the combustion reaction. A pilot fuel injector provides the pilot fuel to the cylinder at a first time to initiate combustion and a primary fuel injector provides the pilot fuel to the cylinder at to generate power via the power system.

Systems and methods are provided for cooling an overheated engine using a combination of variable displacement engine (VDE) technology and direct injection technology. In one example, a method may include deactivating a subset of engine cylinders based on an engine temperature and directly injecting liquid fuel into the deactivated cylinders. In this way, an increased thermal conductivity of the liquid fuel compared to air decreases the engine temperature at a faster rate than when air-based engine cooling methods are used, thereby preventing overheating-related engine degradation.