A constant density heat exchanger and method of operating are provided. The constant density heat exchanger includes a housing extending between a first end and a second end and defining a chamber having an inlet and an outlet. A first plate is positioned at the first end of the housing and rotatable about an axis of rotation such that the first plate selectively allows a working fluid to flow into the inlet of the chamber. A second plate is positioned at the second end of the housing and rotatable about the axis of rotation such that the second plate selectively allows the working fluid to flow out of the outlet of the chamber. The first plate and the second plate are rotatable about the axis of rotation so as to hold a volume of the working fluid at constant density as a heat source imparts thermal energy thereto.

A free-piston Stirling engine that limits piston amplitude and reduces engine power as the piston amplitude increases beyond its maximum power. The inward edge of the heat rejecter cylinder port is located outward of the most inward excursion of the inward end of the piston sidewall during a part of the piston's reciprocation cycle so that the heat rejecter cylinder port is entirely covered by the piston sidewall during an inward portion of the piston reciprocation when the engine is operating at the selected maximum engine power. A leaker port extends from a gas bearing cavity through the piston sidewall and is positioned axially outward from the gas bearing pads of the engine's gas bearing system and vents working gas to the engine's back space at a piston amplitude of reciprocation that exceeds the piston's amplitude of reciprocation at maximum engine power. A resilient damping bumper is attached to the outward end of the piston and a displacer gas cushion is disclosed.

A free-piston Stirling engine that limits piston amplitude and reduces engine power as the piston amplitude increases beyond its maximum power. The inward edge of the heat rejecter cylinder port is located outward of the most inward excursion of the inward end of the piston sidewall during a part of the piston's reciprocation cycle so that the heat rejecter cylinder port is entirely covered by the piston sidewall during an inward portion of the piston reciprocation when the engine is operating at the selected maximum engine power. A leaker port extends from a gas bearing cavity through the piston sidewall and is positioned axially outward from the gas bearing pads of the engine's gas bearing system and vents working gas to the engine's back space at a piston amplitude of reciprocation that exceeds the piston's amplitude of reciprocation at maximum engine power. A resilient damping bumper is attached to the outward end of the piston and a displacer gas cushion is disclosed.

A system for energy conversion, the system including a closed cycle engine containing a volume of working fluid, the engine comprising a first chamber defining an expansion chamber and a second chamber defining a compression chamber each separated by a piston attached to a connection member of a piston assembly, and wherein the engine comprises a heater body in thermal communication with the first chamber, and further wherein the engine comprises a cold side heat exchanger in thermal communication with the second chamber, and wherein a third chamber is defined within the piston, wherein the third chamber is in selective flow communication with the first chamber, the second chamber, or both.

A free-piston Stirling engine that limits piston amplitude and reduces engine power as the piston amplitude increases beyond its maximum power. The inward edge of the heat rejecter cylinder port is located outward of the most inward excursion of the inward end of the piston sidewall during a part of the piston's reciprocation cycle so that the heat rejecter cylinder port is entirely covered by the piston sidewall during an inward portion of the piston reciprocation when the engine is operating at the selected maximum engine power. A leaker port extends from a gas bearing cavity through the piston sidewall and is positioned axially outward from the gas bearing pads of the engine's gas bearing system and vents working gas to the engine's back space at a piston amplitude of reciprocation that exceeds the piston's amplitude of reciprocation at maximum engine power. A resilient damping bumper is attached to the outward end of the piston and a displacer gas cushion is disclosed.

A free-piston Stirling engine that limits piston amplitude and reduces engine power as the piston amplitude increases beyond its maximum power. The inward edge of the heat rejecter cylinder port is located outward of the most inward excursion of the inward end of the piston sidewall during a part of the piston's reciprocation cycle so that the heat rejecter cylinder port is entirely covered by the piston sidewall during an inward portion of the piston reciprocation when the engine is operating at the selected maximum engine power. A leaker port extends from a gas bearing cavity through the piston sidewall and is positioned axially outward from the gas bearing pads of the engine's gas bearing system and vents working gas to the engine's back space at a piston amplitude of reciprocation that exceeds the piston's amplitude of reciprocation at maximum engine power. A resilient damping bumper is attached to the outward end of the piston and a displacer gas cushion is disclosed.

A system of captive oxygen fuel reactor to efficiently generate electricity from hydrocarbon fuel utilizes a flow of oxygen and a flow of hydrogen from an electrolysis unit and a flow of carbon monoxide in order to complete a fuel oxidizer reaction within a heat exchanger unit. The fuel oxidizer reaction emits a flow of steam and a flow of carbon dioxide from the heat exchanger unit re-direct them through a steam rotary piston motor unit, a carbon dioxide rotary piston motor unit, a steam carousel motor unit, a carbon dioxide carousel motor unit, and a duel drum motor unit to generate electrical current. The exhaust gases within the system are properly discharged and stored within respective storage containers for the use of the system or other possible requirements.

The Thermal Compression Engine is an external combustion engine using a regenerator to achieve cycle efficiency. The Thermal Compression Engine uses thermal compression (heat addition resulting in pressure rise) rather than mechanical. By alternating flow into a constant volume, of hot and then cold fluid creates pressure rise and fall in the working fluid. This fluctuating pressure generates a reservoir of high, and a reservoir of low pressure fluid. The TCE cycle uses the high and low pressure storage to generate a fluid flow, with expansion through a turbine or other expansion device, to generate power.

A system of captive oxygen fuel reactor to efficiently generate electricity from hydrocarbon fuel utilizes a flow of oxygen and a flow of hydrogen from an electrolysis unit and a flow of carbon monoxide in order to complete a fuel oxidizer reaction within a heat exchanger unit. The fuel oxidizer reaction emits a flow of steam and a flow of carbon dioxide from the heat exchanger unit re-direct them through a steam rotary piston motor unit, a carbon dioxide rotary piston motor unit, a steam carousel motor unit, a carbon dioxide carousel motor unit, and a duel drum motor unit to generate electrical current. The exhaust gases within the system are properly discharged and stored within respective storage containers for the use of the system or other possible requirements.

An apparatus includes a circumferential array of rotatable magnetic field generating members centered on an axis of rotation and free to rotate about said axis of rotation; and wherein said rotatable magnetic field generating members are encircled by a circumferential array of radially reciprocating magnetic field generating members free to move reciprocally in a radial direction when pushed by a momentary force of fixed duration; and such that said radially reciprocating magnetic field generating members repel said repel said rotatable magnetic field generating members during the duration of said force and cause them to rotate about said axis of rotation; and such that upon rotation, and after the duration of said force, said rotatable magnetic field generating members repel said reciprocating magnetic field generating members in turn to repeat the process when said force is reapplied to said reciprocating magnetic field generating members for said duration.