An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

A system for injecting an aqueous solution into an injection engine, includes: a tank for an aqueous solution, a circuit for supplying aqueous solution to the tank and a filter for filtering the aqueous solution, and a circuit for recirculating the aqueous solution. The injection system also includes recirculation of the aqueous solution, and is provided with an electrovalve including a first inlet connected to a filler neck of the tank, a second inlet connected to the recirculation circuit, and an outlet connected to the supply circuit. The filtration filter is arranged in the supply circuit and/or in the recirculation circuit.

A system for injecting an aqueous solution into an injection engine, includes: a tank for an aqueous solution, a circuit for supplying aqueous solution to the tank and a filter for filtering the aqueous solution, and a circuit for recirculating the aqueous solution. The injection system also includes recirculation of the aqueous solution, and is provided with an electrovalve including a first inlet connected to a filler neck of the tank, a second inlet connected to the recirculation circuit, and an outlet connected to the supply circuit. The filtration filter is arranged in the supply circuit and/or in the recirculation circuit.

Methods and systems are provided for introducing water into an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. In one example, the system may include a water container, a water inlet for inputting water into the intake manifold, and a throttle valve that is arranged between an intake manifold inlet and the internal combustion engine, with the water container arranged at a higher point than the water inlet and the water inlet opening into the intake manifold downstream of the throttle valve. A switchable valve is arranged in fluidic connection with both the water container and the water inlet, with the result that it can enable or interrupt the introduction of water into the intake manifold and also create a Venturi effect at the water inlet, which draws water from the water container.

An engine having a cylinder fastened to the engine ease with the biconcave internal partition, which divides the cylinder into the upper and bottom parts. Sparking plugs are mounted on both sides of the partition. The upper and the bottom parts of the cylinder have side scavenging channels which connect suction spaces to the working spaces of both parts of the cylinder. The upper and bottom parts of the cylinder have inlet and outlet orifices. Inside the upper and inside the bottom part of the cylinder and the upper and bottom piston are placed respectively, while both pistons are directed towards each other by the working surfaces. The pistons are connected by a rod that is led through the linear bearing that is embedded in the partition forming a seal. The connecting rod is fastened to the bottom piston and by its other end it is connected to the crankshaft.

An apparatus for preparing a water/diesel oil micro-emulsion comprises a diesel oil feeding unit (2), an emulsifying composition feeding unit (3), a water feeding unit (4), a mixing tank (5) in fluid communication with the diesel oil feeding unit (2), with the emulsifying composition feeding unit (3) and with the water feeding unit (4). A mixing device (22) is operatively connected to the mixing tank (5). The mixing device (22) comprises a duct (39) extending along a main direction (X-X) and presenting an inlet opening (40) and an outlet nozzle (41). A cone shaped septum (60) is placed in the duct (39), coaxial with respect to the main direction (X-X) and tapering towards the outlet nozzle (41). The cone shaped septum (60) is provided with a plurality of holes (65) made through its conical wall (63). A plurality of lamellae (76, 80) are arranged in at least a portion of the duct (39) placed downstream of the cone shaped septum (60). The plurality of lamellae (76, 80) divides said portion in a plurality of small chambers (77, 82) and are provided with through holes (78, 81). The holes (78, 81) and the small chambers (77, 82) delimit a labyrinth passageway for the liquid flowing through the duct (39) towards the outlet nozzle (41). The water/diesel oil micro-emulsion is obtained by recirculating a batch contained in the mixing tank (5) and comprising the diesel oil, the emulsifying composition and the water through a recirculation conduit and through the mixing device (22).

A system includes an engine configured to generate power to drive a load. The system also includes a power augmentation system configured to augment a power output of the engine when the power augmentation system is activated. Additionally, the system includes a controller operatively coupled to the power augmentation system. The controller is configured to estimate a potential change in the power output of the engine caused by activation of the power augmentation system using a power augmentation model and an engine performance model.

A filter element (3), in particular an air filter element, for a filter arrangement (1), having a frame (6) that has at least one contact surface (11) for contacting a clamping surface (30) of at least one clamping element (27, 28) of the filter arrangement (1), wherein the at least one contact surface (11) includes straight segments (12, 13, 14) and oblique segments (15, 16) arranged between the straight segments (12, 13, 14), and wherein the straight segments (12, 13, 14) are arranged such that the clamping surface (30) when the latter is displaced relative to the at least on contact surface (11) essentially exclusively contacts the oblique segments (15, 16).

A system for storing and supplying water to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle with a reservoir (1) for the water, with at least a delivery pump (5) for the water, and with at least a pipeline system comprising at least a feed line (4) to a consumer which is preferably designed in the form of at least a metering unit, and at least a return line (9) into the reservoir (1) as well as with means for demineralizing the water which are disposed inside the reservoir (1) or in the pipeline system.

The invention includes methods and devices for preventing excessive NOx formation during the combustion event of a compression-ignition engine with any combustible fuel (diesel, Jet-A, JP8, bio fuel, etc).