This is a utility patent application for the design of a large marine engine that is also suitable, in different configurations, for smaller marine applications and many different power generation and transportation applications. The drawings show a ten-cylinder two-stroke engine, cylinders with a 110-inch stroke and 36-inch bore, pistons, connecting rods, and a crankshaft. The pistons are driven by the combustion of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen ignited by a sparking system. The engine is cooled via coolant passages in the block and head and lubricated by three separate lubrication systems. It uses cryogenic fuel pumps, electronic fuel injection, and electronic actuators regulated by a remote engine control unit. It is close to a zero emissions design, with only steam, water vapor, and extremely minute quantities of burned lubricants and trace air combustion products heading up the stack.

In an aspect, a system includes a mixer configured to mix a fuel stream with a solvent to form a mixed stream, the solvent having a higher affinity for a second component of the fuel stream than for a first component of the fuel stream. The system includes a first separator configured to separate the mixed stream into (i) a first fuel fraction including the first component of the fuel stream and (ii) a mixed fraction including the second component of the fuel stream based on a difference in volatility of the first fuel fraction and the mixed fraction. The system includes a second separator configured to separate the mixed fraction into a second fuel fraction including the second component of the fuel stream and a solvent fraction.

In an aspect, a system includes a mixer configured to mix a fuel stream with a solvent to form a mixed stream, the solvent having a higher affinity for a second component of the fuel stream than for a first component of the fuel stream. The system includes a first separator configured to separate the mixed stream into (i) a first fuel fraction including the first component of the fuel stream and (ii) a mixed fraction including the second component of the fuel stream based on a difference in volatility of the first fuel fraction and the mixed fraction. The system includes a second separator configured to separate the mixed fraction into a second fuel fraction including the second component of the fuel stream and a solvent fraction.

A split cycle internal combustion engine comprises a combustion cylinder and a compression cylinder arranged to receive air and compress the air to provide a compressed working fluid to the combustion cylinder for combustion. The compression cylinder is coupled to a water reservoir. The engine further comprises a controller arranged to receive an indication of at least one parameter associated with the engine and/or a fluid associated therewith, and control delivery of the mass of water delivered to the compression cylinder based on the indication of the at least one parameter such that the total mass of water in the compressed working fluid at the end of the compression stroke results in a level of water concentration in the compressed working fluid that is less than a threshold water concentration level.

Methods and systems are provided for reducing ice formation in a charge air cooler. In one example, a method includes, operating a radiator fan of a vehicle in a first direction to cool an engine of the vehicle, and reversing a direction of rotation of the radiator fan to blow heated air towards a charge air cooler, the charge air cooler arranged proximate a radiator of the vehicle. Operating the radiator fan in a first direction may be based on the engagement of one or more gears of a transmission of the vehicle while operating the radiator fan in the reverse direction may be based on an engine temperature condition, one or more ambient weather conditions, and an engine idle condition.

Methods and systems are provided for reducing ice formation in a charge air cooler. In one example, a method includes, operating a radiator fan of a vehicle in a first direction to cool an engine of the vehicle, and reversing a direction of rotation of the radiator fan to blow heated air towards a charge air cooler, the charge air cooler arranged proximate a radiator of the vehicle. Operating the radiator fan in a first direction may be based on the engagement of one or more gears of a transmission of the vehicle while operating the radiator fan in the reverse direction may be based on an engine temperature condition, one or more ambient weather conditions, and an engine idle condition.

Systems for efficiently starting an engine of a hybrid electric vehicle are provided. An example of a system comprises a first processor and a second processor. The second processor is configured to determine when to start an internal combustion engine, cause energy to be supplied from an energy storage device to a generator/motor to cause the generator/motor and crankshaft to rotate to at least a hold speed, transmit a first instruction to a first processor when determining that the internal combination engine should be started. The first processor does not supply fuel to at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine in response to the first instruction. The second processor is configured to transmit a second instruction to the first processor after a variable period of time has elapse after the generator/motor or crankshaft has reached at least the hold speed.

Systems for efficiently starting an engine of a hybrid electric vehicle are provided. An example of a system comprises a first processor and a second processor. The second processor is configured to determine when to start an internal combustion engine, cause energy to be supplied from an energy storage device to a generator/motor to cause the generator/motor and crankshaft to rotate to at least a hold speed, transmit a first instruction to a first processor when determining that the internal combination engine should be started. The first processor does not supply fuel to at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine in response to the first instruction. The second processor is configured to transmit a second instruction to the first processor after a variable period of time has elapse after the generator/motor or crankshaft has reached at least the hold speed.

Engines, systems, devices, software, and methods of the present invention provide increased fuel efficiency and emission performance. The engine may include a magnesium alloy cast engine block cast as a mono-block with or without a ceramic inner core and including one or more cylinders designed to provide compression ratio of 10:1 to 14:1. Each cylinder may include one or more laser igniters, one or more supercritical fuel injectors configured to inject the fuel near or in a supercritical state, and carbon dioxide, which may be in the form of engine exhaust gas. The fuel may be diesel, gasoline, or other suitable hydrocarbons that may be cracked into smaller molecules prior to be injected into the cylinder.

Engines, systems, devices, software, and methods of the present invention provide increased fuel efficiency and emission performance. The engine may include a magnesium alloy cast engine block cast as a mono-block with or without a ceramic inner core and including one or more cylinders designed to provide compression ratio of 10:1 to 14:1. Each cylinder may include one or more laser igniters, one or more supercritical fuel injectors configured to inject the fuel near or in a supercritical state, and carbon dioxide, which may be in the form of engine exhaust gas. The fuel may be diesel, gasoline, or other suitable hydrocarbons that may be cracked into smaller molecules prior to be injected into the cylinder.