A fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a fuel supply line in communication with a fuel tank and a fuel pump system. A fuel rail is connected to the fuel supply system and a plurality of fuel injectors. A return line extending from the fuel rail to the fuel tank. A by-pass passage extending from the supply line to the return line and including a pressure release valve having a pre-set activation pressure. A fuel temperature sensor for sensing a feed temperature of the fuel in the fuel supply system. A pressure control module that sets a first pressure set point in the fuel rail below the pre-set activation pressure when the feed temperature is below a predetermined temperature and sets a second pressure set point above the pre-set activation pressure of the pressure release valve when the feed temperature is above the predetermined temperature.

A heat exchanger for a vehicle includes an inlet tank configured to receive air from an air circuit of the vehicle. The heat exchanger further includes a heat exchange assembly disposed intermediate the inlet tank and an outlet tank. The heat exchange assembly exchanging heat between the air and a coolant. The outlet tank is configured to directly couple to an engine block of the vehicle and convey the air to the engine block. The outlet tank has at least two openings formed therein. The openings are configured to communicate with corresponding cylinders of the engine block of the vehicle.

A heat exchanger for a vehicle includes an inlet tank configured to receive air from an air circuit of the vehicle. The heat exchanger further includes a heat exchange assembly disposed intermediate the inlet tank and an outlet tank. The heat exchange assembly exchanging heat between the air and a coolant. The outlet tank is configured to directly couple to an engine block of the vehicle and convey the air to the engine block. The outlet tank has at least two openings formed therein. The openings are configured to communicate with corresponding cylinders of the engine block of the vehicle.

According to the invention, a method and system for estimating fresh air flow into a turbocharged engine (105) is provided. A controller (109) arranged to determine an actual fresh air mass flow in subsequent time frames by measuring, in an actual time frame, a pressure drop over a compressor (101) and using a first calculated fresh air mass flow as a starting value for deriving a second fresh air mass flow in said time frame from a compressor model using the measured pressure drop and a compressor rotational speed. In a previous time frame, before said actual time frame, a pressure drop is measured over an air treatment device. A pressure drop is estimated over the air treatment device (103, 104, 106, 108) using the second fresh air mass flow and an estimated flow resistance of the air treatment device. Subsequently, the second fresh air mass flow is corrected by comparing the estimated pressure drop with the measured pressure drop over the air treatment device and using the corrected second fresh air mass flow as an actual fresh air mass flow in said time frame.

According to the invention, a method and system for estimating fresh air flow into a turbocharged engine (105) is provided. A controller (109) arranged to determine an actual fresh air mass flow in subsequent time frames by measuring, in an actual time frame, a pressure drop over a compressor (101) and using a first calculated fresh air mass flow as a starting value for deriving a second fresh air mass flow in said time frame from a compressor model using the measured pressure drop and a compressor rotational speed. In a previous time frame, before said actual time frame, a pressure drop is measured over an air treatment device. A pressure drop is estimated over the air treatment device (103, 104, 106, 108) using the second fresh air mass flow and an estimated flow resistance of the air treatment device. Subsequently, the second fresh air mass flow is corrected by comparing the estimated pressure drop with the measured pressure drop over the air treatment device and using the corrected second fresh air mass flow as an actual fresh air mass flow in said time frame.

A method of serially phased, phase forming a fuel-air mixture for internal combustion engine is disclosed. The technical result increases the compression ratio of the engine, resulting in economical fuel burning and improved environmental characteristics. The method includes a serially-staged, serially-phased formation of the fuel-air mixture for the engine, which includes the following steps: fuel evaporation; obtaining hydrogen-gas fuel by cleavage of the fuel; cooling and optimization of fuel temperature; preparation of air parallel to the preparation of the fuel; direct formation of the fuel-air mixture; mixing of the fuel, containing hydrocarbon gases with air, with an excess air coefficient Kea≧3; enrichment of the desired air-fuel ratio to the excess air coefficient Kea=from 1.0 to 2.8; a mixture enrichment correction; obtaining control conditions of an idling engine power mode by changing the excess air coefficient, as well as by changing the value of the cylinder filling coefficient.

An engine system includes an engine, an intake line, an exhaust line, a turbocharger, a water-cooled intercooler, a high-pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system which includes a high-pressure EGR line, a high-pressure EGR cooler, and a high-pressure EGR valve, a low-pressure EGR system which includes a low-pressure EGR line, and a low-pressure EGR cooler, a radiator which cools the coolant, a low-pressure EGR cooling line, an intercooler cooling line, a low-pressure EGR cooling valve, an intercooler cooling valve, an electric water pump, a driving information detector which detects driving information of a vehicle including an outside air temperature, a temperature of the intake gas supplied to the engine and a coolant temperature, and a controller which controls the low-pressure EGR cooling valve, the intercooler cooling valve, the high-pressure EGR valve and the electric water pump based on the driving information detected by the driving information detector.

A system for fuel and thermal management of fuel delivered to an engine is disclosed. The system includes a supply of fuel in fluid communication with a fuel inlet of the engine, and an oxygen sensor for measuring dissolved oxygen content in the fuel is in fluid communication with the fuel. The fuel is heated by transferring heat from engine oil in a heat exchanger. The temperature of the fuel is controlled by controlling engine oil flow and airflow through another heat exchanger upstream of the fuel/oil heat exchanger on the oil circulation path with engine oil.

An intake-air cooling apparatus for a vehicle includes an intercooler of a turbocharger, and an intake line to which compressed air is supplied from the intercooler. A fluid moving unit is connected at a first side thereof to the intercooler and connected at a second side thereof to the intake line, cools indoor air via a Peltier element.

An intake-air cooling apparatus for a vehicle includes an intercooler of a turbocharger, and an intake line to which compressed air is supplied from the intercooler. A fluid moving unit is connected at a first side thereof to the intercooler and connected at a second side thereof to the intake line, cools indoor air via a Peltier element.