The present invention involves providing a viscous fluid in a particular format and implementations thereof. In particular, a viscous slave fluid is provided in a particular format, wherein the particular format can be an end result or an intermediate result for the viscous fluid. In the case of an intermediate result, the viscous fluid in the second format may be further processed to a third format. Implementations or applications include supercharged fuel injection systems, methods, and apparatuses for internal combustion, lean-burn oil pre-mixing systems, methods, and apparatuses for liquid fuel combustion, and medical or biomedical devices, systems, and methods.

A fuel atomizer that includes a housing having a fuel inlet and at least one primary orifice positioned at the inlet, wherein the at least one orifice configured to disperse a stream of fuel into a plurality of fuel droplets. The plurality of fuel droplets contact a fuel impingement surface to break up the plurality of fuel droplets into a plurality of smaller secondary droplets and create a thin film of secondary droplets on the impingement surface. At least one pressurized air channel delivers an airflow into contact with the secondary droplets. The secondary droplets pass through a plurality of secondary outlet orifices to exit the housing. A size of the plurality of secondary droplets is reduced when passing out of the plurality of secondary orifices.

A fuel atomizer that includes a housing having a fuel inlet and at least one primary orifice positioned at the inlet, wherein the at least one orifice configured to disperse a stream of fuel into a plurality of fuel droplets. The plurality of fuel droplets contact a fuel impingement surface to break up the plurality of fuel droplets into a plurality of smaller secondary droplets and create a thin film of secondary droplets on the impingement surface. At least one pressurized air channel delivers an airflow into contact with the secondary droplets. The secondary droplets pass through a plurality of secondary outlet orifices to exit the housing. A size of the plurality of secondary droplets is reduced when passing out of the plurality of secondary orifices.

An apparatus comprises an internal combustion engine including an intake stream, at least one piston cylinder. An air assisted injector is configured to insert a plurality of liquid droplets into the intake stream or cylinder. The injector comprises a gas injection portion configured to deliver a gas to a mixing chamber at a first pressure and a first pulse width. A liquid injection portion is configured to deliver a liquid to the mixing chamber at a first temperature and a second pulse width, and after a predetermined delay relative to the gas so as to generate the plurality of liquid droplets having a mean diameter of up to 5 microns. A nozzle is configured to deliver the plurality of liquid droplets into the intake chamber or cylinder. The gas and the inserted liquid droplets are compressed during a compression stroke in the cylinder and fully vaporize throughout the compression stroke.

An apparatus comprises an internal combustion engine including an intake stream, at least one piston cylinder. An air assisted injector is configured to insert a plurality of liquid droplets into the intake stream or cylinder. The injector comprises a gas injection portion configured to deliver a gas to a mixing chamber at a first pressure and a first pulse width. A liquid injection portion is configured to deliver a liquid to the mixing chamber at a first temperature and a second pulse width, and after a predetermined delay relative to the gas so as to generate the plurality of liquid droplets having a mean diameter of up to 5 microns. A nozzle is configured to deliver the plurality of liquid droplets into the intake chamber or cylinder. The gas and the inserted liquid droplets are compressed during a compression stroke in the cylinder and fully vaporize throughout the compression stroke.

A cylinder liner for providing reduced oil carry-over in an air-assisted fuel injection system comprising an air compression piston wherein the cylinder liner and air compression system together in part define an air compression chamber, the cylinder liner comprising: an outer surface; and a plurality of projections on the outer surface; wherein the plurality of projections are arranged such that oil-laden air drawn up from an oil reservoir around the outer surface of the cylinder liner is forced into a labyrinthine path to increase the time the oil-laden air is in contact with the outer surface and increase the amount of oil adhering to the outer surface to minimize the amount of oil carry-over entering the air compression chamber.

A cylinder liner for providing reduced oil carry-over in an air-assisted fuel injection system comprising an air compression piston wherein the cylinder liner and air compression system together in part define an air compression chamber, the cylinder liner comprising: an outer surface; and a plurality of projections on the outer surface; wherein the plurality of projections are arranged such that oil-laden air drawn up from an oil reservoir around the outer surface of the cylinder liner is forced into a labyrinthine path to increase the time the oil-laden air is in contact with the outer surface and increase the amount of oil adhering to the outer surface to minimize the amount of oil carry-over entering the air compression chamber.