A sensor device system for detection of a liquid adjacent to the sensor having a glass fiber laminate substrate, at least one pair of comb electrodes formed on the glass fiber laminate substrate, a first of the pair of comb electrodes being interdigitated with a second of the pair of comb electrodes, the pair of comb electrodes defining geometric parameters; and a passivation coating covering the pair of comb electrodes.

The invention relates to a maintenance system for a fuel injection system provided in an internal combustion engine, the fuel injection system defining a hydraulic circuit having a high-pressure pump, a solenoid valve, a pressure sensor, a metering solenoid valve, a common rail and injectors. The maintenance system includes a manual control unit connected to a hydraulic unit, the hydraulic unit being capable of being inserted into the hydraulic circuit of the fuel injection system and including a test solenoid valve and a test pressure sensor mounted in a body provided with an inlet mouth, an outlet mouth and a leakage mouth.

A fuel injector includes a noise sensor fixed to the body fixed on the injector body to record knocks relevant to the end travel of a control valve and of a needle.

A method for operating an electromagnetic actuator includes an actuation event utilizing a current waveform for the actuator characterized by an initial peak pull-in current in a first direction of current flow when the actuator is commanded to an actuated position; and a reversed peak current in a second opposite direction of current flow applied after the actuator is commanded to a rest position. The reversed peak current has a magnitude that is greater than the magnitude of the initial peak pull-in current.

Methods and systems are provided for a ducted fuel injector. In one example, a method may include adjusting a temperature of combustion chamber gases in a combustion chamber and/or adjusting a fuel rail pressure in response to an amount of light sensed by a photodiode of the duct.

A fuel supply system, having a low-pressure region, a high-pressure region, a pumping device, a low-pressure pump, and a high-pressure pump A pressure accumulator system is provided between the pumping device and injectors and has distributor units. Between the low-pressure pump and the high-pressure pump, a fuel distributor block is provided, which has a fuel leakage collection line for fuel leakage supplied to the fuel distributor block that has a choke and a bypass around the choke and a leakage sensor in the bypass. The choke is dimensioned such that all fuel leakage flows through the choke if the fuel leakage conducted via the fuel leakage collection line is less than a limit value, and fuel leakage flows through the bypass and across the leakage sensor if the fuel leakage conducted via the fuel leakage collection line is greater than the limit value.

A fuel injection system for fuel metering may include an injection nozzle, which includes a nozzle body, a nozzle needle, and a nozzle orifice, wherein nozzle needle is disposed in the nozzle body; a control piston configured to mechanically and electrically contact the nozzle needle in an axial direction opposite to the nozzle orifice; a transmitter configured to communicate with a controller and electrically contact the nozzle needle via the control piston; wherein the controller is configured to determine an open state and a closed state between the nozzle needle and the nozzle body via an electrical signal detected by the transmitter; and wherein the controller is configured to adjust the open state and the closed state in correlation with a fuel injection quantity.

A fuel injector includes an injector housing, a longitudinally movable nozzle needle, and a force sensing element. The injector housing defines a nozzle chamber, a pressure chamber, and a measuring chamber. The nozzle chamber is configured to be supplied with pressurized fuel via a feed line formed in the injector housing. The pressure chamber is configured to be hydraulically connected to the feed line. The nozzle needle is disposed in the nozzle chamber and is configured to open and to close at least one spray hole. The force sensing element is disposed in the measuring chamber and is configured to detect a pressure in the pressure chamber. The measuring chamber is separated from the pressure chamber by a diaphragm-like intermediate wall. The force sensing element supports the intermediate wall.

Methods and systems are provided for a ducted fuel injector. In one example, a method may include adjusting a temperature of combustion chamber gases in a combustion chamber and/or adjusting a fuel rail pressure in response to an amount of light sensed by a photodiode of the duct.

A method for providing consistent actuator events for each of a plurality of consecutive actuator events of an electromagnetic actuator, includes applying a first bi-directional current waveform for a first actuator event and applying a second bi-directional current waveform for a second actuator event immediately subsequent to the first actuator event. The first bi-directional current waveform includes applying current in a first direction when the actuator is commanded to an actuated position and applying current in a reversed second direction when the actuator is commanded to a rest position. The second bi-directional current waveform includes applying current in the reversed second direction when the actuator is commanded to an actuated position and applying current in the first direction when the actuator is commanded to a rest position.