A flow control actuator includes at least one side wall, an upstream wall coupled to an upstream end of the side wall, a downstream cap coupled to a downstream end of the side wall, the downstream cap comprising at least one orifice disposed therein, at least one fuel injector disposed in at least one of the upstream wall, and the sidewall, the fuel injector dispersing fuel into the interior of the flow control actuator, and at least one oxidizer inlet disposed in at least one of the upstream wall and the sidewall, the at least one oxidizer inlet introducing an oxidizer into the interior of the flow control actuator. The flow control actuator includes at least one external fuel injector disposed adjacent to the side wall. The fuel from the fuel injector and oxidizer from the oxidizer inlet ignite in the interior of the flow control actuator.

An electronic control unit of an internal combustion engine is configured to control the fuel injection valve and to control a spark plug if necessary such that fuel is combusted by pre-mixture compression ignition combustion or flame propagation combustion. The electronic control unit is configured to perform homogeneous combustion in a flame ignition operation range when switching failure has not occurred, the homogeneous combustion being combustion in which fuel homogeneously diffused into the combustion chamber is ignited using the spark plug and is combusted by flame propagation combustion. The electronic control unit is configured to perform spray-guided stratified combustion in a second operation range when the switching failure has occurred, the spray-guided stratified combustion being combustion in which fuel in the fuel injection path is ignited using the spark plug and is combusted by the flame propagation combustion.

A power tool is provided. The power tool includes an internal combustion engine and an integrated device coupled to the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine includes a flywheel or another rotating component. The integrated device is enclosed in a housing and is coupled adjacent to either the flywheel or a rotating component. The integrated device includes a printed circuit board with a wireless communications module and a power generation portion which receives power wirelessly from the internal combustion engine.

An internal combustion engine includes a spark plug which protrudes into a combustion chamber. The spark plug has a central electrode and a ground electrode, and is configured such that a spark is generated between the central electrode and the ground electrode by electrical discharge. The spark plug has a vortex generator that separates an air flow near the ground electrode from the ground electrode and generates a vortex at a downstream side. The central electrode and the ground electrode are placed in a manner such that a spark or a flame deformed by an air flow flowing between the central electrode and the ground electrode enters the trailing vortex, or the spark penetrates through the inside of the trailing vortex.

An internal combustion engine including an igniter disposed at least partially within an aperture defined in a housing of the engine, the igniter having a body including a tip supporting portion and having a tip extending from the tip supporting portion. A cooling sleeve is disposed around the tip supporting portion, and the cooling sleeve defines a path of heat transfer between the tip supporting portion and the housing. The engine may be a rotary engine. A method for cooling an igniter of an internal combustion engine is also discussed.

A pre-chamber ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprising an apparatus body associable with the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine for communicating with a combustion chamber of the cylinder head through at least one connection hole, a microwave ignition device for generating microwaves to cause ignition of an air/fuel mixture in a pre-chamber formed within the apparatus body. The apparatus body comprises an upstream portion configured to allow the housing and fixing of the microwave ignition device and a hollow downstream or head portion, delimiting the pre-chamber, in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The downstream portion is provided with at least one connection hole. The hollow downstream portion includes a reflection wall opposite the microwave ignition device and shaped to receive and concentrate microwaves generated by the microwave ignition device and/or a resonance cavity for the mixture contained in the pre-chamber thereby amplifying the combustion in the pre-chamber.

An internal combustion engine according to the present disclosure has an ignition coil and an injector that share a power source, and has a controller that controls energization to the ignition coil and energization to the injector. The controller executes setting processing and correction processing. In the setting processing, the controller sets an energization period of the ignition coil in accordance with an operating condition of the internal combustion engine. In the correction processing, when the energization period of the ignition coil overlaps with an energization period of the injector, the controller corrects the energization period of the ignition coil so as to reduce an overlap period between the energization period of the ignition coil and the energization period of the injector.

An auxiliary chamber (51) having a spark plug (54) and an auxiliary fuel injector is formed at the central part of the top surface of the main combustion chamber (2). When making an air-fuel mixture in the auxiliary chamber (51) burn by the spark plug (54), an air-fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber (2) is made to burn by jet flames ejected from the communicating holes (52). The injection ports of the auxiliary fuel injector (53) are oriented toward a tumble flow inflow peripheral region (R) which is located on the peripheral part of the end portion of the auxiliary chamber (51) at a place located on a side where the tumble flow W flows in from the communicating holes (52). When the tumble flow (W) is made to be generated in the main combustion chamber (2) by the tumble flow control valve (48), auxiliary fuel (QF) is injected from the auxiliary fuel injector (53) toward the tumble flow inflow peripheral region (R) of the auxiliary chamber (51).

An example system can include a radio-frequency power source, a resonator, and a plasma-distributing structure. The resonator can include an electrode having a first concentrator. The resonator can be configured to provide a plasma corona when excited by the power source with a signal having a wavelength proximate to an odd-integer multiple of one-quarter of a resonant wavelength of the resonator. The plasma-distributing structure can be arranged proximate to the plasma corona provided by the resonator and include a second concentrator. When the power source excites the resonator with the signal, an electric field can be concentrated at the first concentrator and the plasma corona can be provided proximate to the first concentrator. Further, when the plasma corona is provided proximate to the first concentrator and the plasma-distributing structure is at a predetermined voltage, an additional plasma corona can be established proximate to the second concentrator.

Example implementations relate to jet engines that include resonator-based diagnostics. An example implementation includes a jet engine. The jet engine includes a combustion chamber configured to house a combustion event of a fuel mixture. The jet engine also includes a resonator having a characteristic impedance and a resonant wavelength. The resonator includes a first conductor and a second conductor separated from one another by an interstitial space that is exposed to an environment of the combustion chamber. Further, the jet engine includes a controller communicatively coupled to the resonator and configured to perform operations. The operations include determining a characteristic of the resonator selected from the group consisting of the characteristic impedance and the resonant wavelength. The operations also include, based on the determined characteristic, determining a parameter of the combustion chamber.