The power plant disclosed is an engine that derives its usefulness in the pursuit of energy generation by utilizing hydrostatic pressure differentials found or created in various liquids, gases or solutions, such as but not limited to water and air. It is generally provided as a configuration designed to create a pressure differential, and to use the pressure differential to increase the effective head seen via a penstock and turbine system. Pump systems that are employed include venturi systems, jet pump systems and other comparable mixed-pressure vacuum pumps. Multiple power generating systems are interconnected to provide continuous and constant power generation through a penstock and turbine system.

The power plant disclosed is an engine that derives its usefulness in the pursuit of energy generation by utilizing hydrostatic pressure differentials found or created in various liquids, gases or solutions, such as but not limited to water and air. It is generally provided as a configuration designed to create a pressure differential, and to use the pressure differential to increase the effective head seen via a penstock and turbine system. Pump systems that are employed include venturi systems, jet pump systems and other comparable mixed-pressure vacuum pumps. Multiple power generating systems are interconnected to provide continuous and constant power generation through a penstock and turbine system.

An axial flow turbine for generating electricity in low-head environments comprises a runner supported by guide vanes that are curved or contoured to direct flowing water onto fixed turbine blades. The axial flow turbine has a housing that provides an outer draft tube. A second inner draft tube is supported within the outer draft. The axial flow turbine may have a bulb or pit-type housing at the intake chamber for housing a direct-drive variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and power converter system. The axial flow turbine may be installed as a single modular unit in low head environments.

An axial flow turbine for generating electricity in low-head environments comprises a runner supported by guide vanes that are curved or contoured to direct flowing water onto fixed turbine blades. The axial flow turbine has a housing that provides an outer draft tube. A second inner draft tube is supported within the outer draft. The axial flow turbine may have a bulb or pit-type housing at the intake chamber for housing a direct-drive variable-speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and power converter system. The axial flow turbine may be installed as a single modular unit in low head environments.

A hydroelectric power system can include: a first level including a drain system, the drain system including a bell siphon coupled to a mixed flow turbine and a cross flow turbine, the drain system configured to provide a path way for a working fluid to flow from the bell siphon, through the mixed flow turbine, and through the cross flow turbine; and a second level below the first level, the second level for receiving the working fluid from the cross flow turbine of the drain system of the first level.

This disclosure includes various embodiments of apparatuses for encapsulating and stopping a flowing mass of fluid (e.g., liquid such as water, or gas such as air) to extract the kinetic energy from the mass, and for exhausting the mass once stopped (spent mass, from which kinetic energy has been extracted). This disclosure also includes various embodiments of systems comprising a plurality of the present apparatuses coupled together and/or one or more of the present apparatuses in combination with one or more flow resistance modifiers (FRMs). This disclosure also includes various embodiments of methods of extracting kinetic energy from a flowing mass of fluid (e.g., liquid such as water, or gas such as air) by stopping the mass, and for exhausting the mass once stopped (spent mass, from which kinetic energy has been extracted). This disclosure also includes embodiments of mechanical energy-storage or accumulation devices.

This disclosure includes various embodiments of apparatuses for encapsulating and stopping a flowing mass of fluid (e.g., liquid such as water, or gas such as air) to extract the kinetic energy from the mass, and for exhausting the mass once stopped (spent mass, from which kinetic energy has been extracted). This disclosure also includes various embodiments of systems comprising a plurality of the present apparatuses coupled together and/or one or more of the present apparatuses in combination with one or more flow resistance modifiers (FRMs). This disclosure also includes various embodiments of methods of extracting kinetic energy from a flowing mass of fluid (e.g., liquid such as water, or gas such as air) by stopping the mass, and for exhausting the mass once stopped (spent mass, from which kinetic energy has been extracted). This disclosure also includes embodiments of mechanical energy-storage or accumulation devices.

A thermal utilization system is capable of producing power, storing energy via a chemical or and a hydropower-elevation means. It also capable of transport fluid as vapor over obstacles and terrains, as well as desalinate water. It may in some embodiments do all or some of these tasks simultaneously and with the same amount of energy. It may run with any source of energy including renewable energy sources such as solar energy, and wind. The system may use that energy to run a heat engine and, at the same time, stores that energy via chemical separation. When energy is needed, the system may withdraw the chemical substances and lets them interact to claim the energy back, and then use it to run a heat engine and desalinate water. Some parts of the system can be used for cooling and heating. The system may be configured to be an air conditioner unit or a refrigerator that has an internal back up energy storage.

A thermal utilization system is capable of producing power, storing energy via a chemical or and a hydropower-elevation means. It also capable of transport fluid as vapor over obstacles and terrains, as well as desalinate water. It may in some embodiments do all or some of these tasks simultaneously and with the same amount of energy. It may run with any source of energy including renewable energy sources such as solar energy, and wind. The system may use that energy to run a heat engine and, at the same time, stores that energy via chemical separation. When energy is needed, the system may withdraw the chemical substances and lets them interact to claim the energy back, and then use it to run a heat engine and desalinate water. Some parts of the system can be used for cooling and heating. The system may be configured to be an air conditioner unit or a refrigerator that has an internal back up energy storage.

The cyclic hydropower system includes a power generation device. The first power generation device includes a circular frame pivoted on an axle whose one end is coupled to an end of the axle. A number of basins are arranged around the circular frame. An arc trough is positioned at a distance from and along an arc section of the circular frame. A channel is formed between the arc trough and the circular frame allowing the basins to move through. The channel has inlet at an upper position and an outlet at a lower position. A tank is positioned beneath the outlet of the power generation device, a pumping element is provided inside the tank, and a pipe extended from the pumping element above the power generation device with a pipe outlet above the inlet of the power generation device.