A method of detecting specific gas species in an ion trap, the specific gas species initially being a trace component of a first low concentration in the volume of gas, includes ionizing the gas including the specific gas species, thereby creating specific ion species. The method further includes producing an electrostatic potential in which the specific ion species are confined in the ion trap to trajectories. The method also includes exciting confined specific ion species with an AC excitation source having an excitation frequency, scanning the excitation frequency of the AC excitation source to eject the specific ion species from the ion trap, and detecting the ejected specific ion species. The method further includes increasing the concentration of the specific ion species within the ion trap relative to the first low concentration prior to scanning the excitation frequency that ejects the ions of the specific gas species.

The micropump includes continuous cylindrical separating pipes having at least two alternating stages of pipes of small radius and large radius connected in succession. Each pipe of a large radius has one end as a hot zone, and the opposite end as a cold zone. The pipes alternate straight pipes with a large radius and U-shaped curved pipes with a small radius. The relationship of the large radius (R) to the small radius (r) is in a range of R/r=2 to 10000, while the relationship of the temperature (T.sub.2) of a hot zone to the temperature (T.sub.1) of a cold zone is T.sub.2/T.sub.1=1.1 to 3.0. The length and radius measurements of a straight pipe and a U-shaped pipe ensure a given change in temperature of the gas from the temperature of the hot zone to the temperature of the cold zone.

The micropump includes continuous cylindrical separating pipes having at least two alternating stages of pipes of small radius and large radius connected in succession. Each pipe of a large radius has one end as a hot zone, and the opposite end as a cold zone. The pipes alternate straight pipes with a large radius and U-shaped curved pipes with a small radius. The relationship of the large radius (R) to the small radius (r) is in a range of R/r=2 to 10000, while the relationship of the temperature (T.sub.2) of a hot zone to the temperature (T.sub.1) of a cold zone is T.sub.2/T.sub.1=1.1 to 3.0. The length and radius measurements of a straight pipe and a U-shaped pipe ensure a given change in temperature of the gas from the temperature of the hot zone to the temperature of the cold zone.

A cryogenic pump has an associated heater for vaporizing cryogenic fluid. The heater has a chamber (bounded by an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve) disposed around at least a portion of the pump housing. The heater has a helical heating coil with a plurality of turns disposed within the chamber and a helical baffle having a plurality of turns interspaced with the turns of the heating coil for guiding heat exchange fluid over the turns of the heat exchange coil. The heater has an inlet for cryogenic fluid to communicate with the heat exchange coil and an outlet for the resulting vaporized fluid. Heat exchange fluid flows through an inlet of the heater chamber to an outlet of the heater chamber and then through a space defined between the inner sleeve and a portion of the pump housing.

A cryogenic pump has an associated heater for vaporizing cryogenic fluid. The heater has a chamber (bounded by an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve) disposed around at least a portion of the pump housing. The heater has a helical heating coil with a plurality of turns disposed within the chamber and a helical baffle having a plurality of turns interspaced with the turns of the heating coil for guiding heat exchange fluid over the turns of the heat exchange coil. The heater has an inlet for cryogenic fluid to communicate with the heat exchange coil and an outlet for the resulting vaporized fluid. Heat exchange fluid flows through an inlet of the heater chamber to an outlet of the heater chamber and then through a space defined between the inner sleeve and a portion of the pump housing.

Snap-on getter pump assembly where a first part, a getter subassembly (10; 20; 30; 40), is firmly but reversibly coupled with a second part, holding the getter heater (50) and a closed cable module (57; 67), and such assembly of these two parts is easily installed through plugging and screwing into a support comprising a matching plug-and-socket type connection.

Snap-on getter pump assembly where a first part, a getter subassembly (10; 20; 30; 40), is firmly but reversibly coupled with a second part, holding the getter heater (50) and a closed cable module (57; 67), and such assembly of these two parts is easily installed through plugging and screwing into a support comprising a matching plug-and-socket type connection.

Snap-on getter pump assembly where a first part, a getter subassembly (10; 20; 30; 40), is firmly but reversibly coupled with a second part, holding the getter heater (50) and a closed cable module (57; 67), and such assembly of these two parts is easily installed through plugging and screwing into a support comprising a matching plug-and-socket type connection.

Snap-on getter pump assembly where a first part, a getter subassembly (10; 20; 30; 40), is firmly but reversibly coupled with a second part, holding the getter heater (50) and a closed cable module (57; 67), and such assembly of these two parts is easily installed through plugging and screwing into a support comprising a matching plug-and-socket type connection.