Improved neuromodulation control of neurological abnormalities associated with effector organs in vertebrate beings using direct current stimulation for modulating spinal cord excitability, having a peripheral-current supplying component for providing direct current peripheral nerve stimulation and a spinal-current supplying component providing direct current for spinal stimulation, and a controller managing such functions.

A system for recording, processing, and monitoring biosignals is provided, the system being configured to suspend data acquisition whenever an electric surgical tool or other generator of high frequency interference is in use. Such a system may protect the hardware of the system and reduce or eliminate the acquisition of distorted signals. The system of some embodiments includes an amplifier system configured to detect the presence of high frequency interference. Related methods are also disclosed.

System and methods for stimulating the neurovascular system of the cerebral tissue through optimally placed devices, while simultaneously measuring the evoked neuronal and hemodynamic responses, also using optimally placed devices, is disclosed. Systems and methods for iteratively stimulating the neurovascular system and recording neuronal and hemodynamic responses are also disclosed. Further, a method for determining cerebral neurovascular functioning from the combined stimulation and measurement is disclosed, for use in diagnosis of neurovascular disorders.

Methods, devices, and systems induce neuromodulation by focusing a source of stimulation through a skull/brain interface in the form of an aperture formed in the skull, a naturally occurring fenestration in the skull, or a transcranial channel. Methods, devices, and systems identify where to locate skull/brain interfaces, accessories that can be used with the interfaces, and features for controlling stimulation delivered through the interfaces. Multiple indications for the skull/brain interfaces include diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders and conditions such as epilepsy, movement disorders, depression, Alzheimer's disease, autism, coma, and pain.

Described is a system for automatic adjustment of neurostimulation. The system controls stimulation of specific neural regions through a neural device positioned on a human subject, while simultaneously performing recordings from the neural device using a targeted arrangement of stimulating electrodes and distinct types of recording electrodes of the neural device. Stimulation of the specific neural regions is adjusted in real-time based on the recordings from the neural device.

Described is a system for automatic adjustment of neurostimulation. The system controls stimulation of specific neural regions through a neural device positioned on a human subject, while simultaneously performing recordings from the neural device using a targeted arrangement of stimulating electrodes and distinct types of recording electrodes of the neural device. Stimulation of the specific neural regions is adjusted in real-time based on the recordings from the neural device.

An electrical stimulation system and method for the treatment of neurological disorders is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the electrical stimulation system includes channels of electrodes positioned in electrical contact with tissue of a neuromuscular target body region of a patient to provide pattered neuromuscular stimulation to the patient's musculature. In addition, at least one electrode from a channel is positioned in electrical contact with a tissue of the motor control region of the brain. A series of patterned electrical pulses are then applied to the patient through the channels to provide peripheral neuromuscular stimulation, and a direct current is applied transcranially to the brain. Various exemplary embodiments of the invention are disclosed.

An electrical stimulation system and method for the treatment of neurological disorders is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the electrical stimulation system includes channels of electrodes positioned in electrical contact with tissue of a neuromuscular target body region of a patient to provide pattered neuromuscular stimulation to the patient's musculature. In addition, at least one electrode from a channel is positioned in electrical contact with a tissue of the motor control region of the brain. A series of patterned electrical pulses are then applied to the patient through the channels to provide peripheral neuromuscular stimulation, and a direct current is applied transcranially to the brain. Various exemplary embodiments of the invention are disclosed.

An energy-releasing carbon nanotube transponder comprising a nanocapacitor connected to at least one carbon nanotube and method of using same are described. An adjustable amount of electric energy is stored within the nanocapacitor so that the energy-releasing carbon nanotube transponder delivers either a biologically destructive or a biologically non-destructive electrical charge to target cells in response to biological, chemical or electrical stimuli. An optional biocompatible coating onto the outer surface of the carbon nanotube transponder improves cellular targeting, cellular binding or body tolerance towards the carbon nanotube transponder. Optionally, a molecular label attached to at least one carbon nanotube allows for in vivo tracking of the carbon nanotube transponder. The targeted release of electric energy from the carbon nanotube transponder can, for example, destroy cancer cells in cancer patients, or control the flux of electric wave within a cellular tissue to treat cardiac and/or epileptic patients.

Systems and methods for the concurrent treatment of multiple oral diseases and defects while promoting general oral hygiene utilizing electricity are provided for non-human animals. Electrodes are used to deliver an electrical current to the gingival tissues of a mouth in order to achieve a number of therapeutic, prophylactic, and regenerative benefits. These benefits include killing oral microbes, increasing oral vasodilation, reducing oral biofilm, improving oral blood circulation, reversing oral bone resorption, promoting oral osteogenesis, treating gum recession, and fostering gingival regeneration. Other benefits include the treatment of gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral malodor, and other systemic diseases correlated with oral pathogens.