A fluid pressure driving device includes a first air-fluid converter and a second air-fluid converter each configured to convert air pressure supplied from an air pressure source to fluid pressure, a fluid pressure actuator having a first pressure chamber and a second pressure chamber, an operation state acquisition unit configured to acquire an operation state of the fluid pressure actuator, and first and second air pressure valves respectively provided on first and second air supply paths, the first and second air supply paths being configured to supply air from the air pressure source to the first and second air-fluid converters respectively, wherein the control device is configured to control the first air pressure valve and the second air pressure valve on the basis of an acquired result from the operation state acquisition unit.

A hydraulic actuator including a cylinder housing surrounding a cylinder cavity. A piston is in the cylinder cavity and separates the cylinder cavity into a first and a second pressure chamber. A connection between the first and the second pressure chamber for a hydraulic fluid is provided. A piston rod extends from the piston along an actuation direction. A locking device can be selectively switched between a locking mode and a non-locking mode, wherein in the locking mode the locking device prevents movement of the piston and in the non-locking mode does not prevent movement of the piston. A first arrangement of piezoelectric elements is inside the first pressure chamber which first arrangement of piezoelectric elements is adapted to selectively contract or expand to change the volume of the first pressure chamber occupied by the piezoelectric elements of the first arrangement of piezoelectric elements.

A construction machine incorporates a hydraulic closed circuit system capable of suppressing, even where a selector valve is stuck in an open state by a failure of the selector valve or a control system therefor, unintended operation of a hydraulic actuator and continuing operation of a machine body. The construction machine includes first sensors that detect open-closed states of a plurality of switching valves, first compulsory valve closing devices that change over the plurality of switching valves to a closed position irrespective of open-close control by a machine body controller, and a valve device controller that controls, when it is detected based on the open-closed states of the plurality of selector values detected by the first sensors that one of the plurality of selector values is stuck in an open state, the first compulsory valve closing device such that other selector valve connected to one of the plurality of closed circuit pumps to which the one selector valve is connected is closed.

A movement processing unit generates a work equipment operation signal for moving a bucket to a loading point and a swing operation signal related to a target swing speed, based on a command for starting an automatic movement of the bucket. A target speed changing unit changes the target swing speed so that the work equipment does not interfere with the loading target during a swing of a swing body.

In one embodiment, a computer-implemented method for calculating the price of a corporate loan comprises receiving, by a server, a first data input regarding a particular corporate loan; receiving, by the server, a second data input regarding market data; generating a pricing lattice for the corporate loan, wherein the pricing lattice has a first axis for a credit rating and a second axis for a time period; and deriving, by a server, using backward induction, a value for the corporate loan.

The object of the invention is a transmission arrangement for a moveable device, such as a door (1) opening mechanism (2) and a method for using a device moved with a hydraulic cylinder (3). The method comprises at least the following steps: producing a signal for moving the device (1) in a first or second direction and sending the signal to the control device, if the signal was a signal to move the device (1) in the first direction, the first pump (11, 12) is started by means of a signal from the control device, and the pump produces fluid pressure on the first side of the hydraulic cylinder (3) in order to move the device (1) in the first direction, if the signal was a signal to move the device (1) in the second direction, the second pump (13, 14) is started by means of a signal from the control device, and the pump produces fluid pressure on the second side of the hydraulic cylinder (3) in order to move the device (1) in the second direction, monitoring the movement and/or position of the device with a sensor (18), which sends information to the control device about the position and/or movement of the device (1), making a decision in the control device about the necessary procedure, starting or stopping the first pump (11, 12) and/or the second pump (13, 14) with the aid of a signal from the control device based on the made decision.

Fluid pressure is produced with centrifugal pumps used with electric motors.

A pneumatic drive for a medical robot includes a manifold having cylinders extending in a first direction, and respective rods corresponding to the cylinders, the rods extending on one side of the cylinders in the first direction. The manifold includes air supply ports that feed the cylinders with air for moving the respective rods forward and backward. The air supply ports are provided on another side of the manifold in the first direction.

A piston accommodated in an internal space of a cylinder and forming a pair of pressure chambers together with the cylinder, the piston being configured to move relative to the cylinder; a first actuator connected to one pair of pressure chambers; a second actuator connected to the other of the pair of pressure chambers; a position detector configured to detect a position of the piston relative to the cylinder; a pressure detector configured to detect a pressure of one pair of pressure chambers; and a controller configured to control the first actuator and the second actuator. The controller controls one of the first actuator and the second actuator that the position detected by the position detector is made close to a target position and controls the other of the first actuator and the second actuator that the pressure detected by the pressure detector is made close to a target pressure.

A method and apparatus for generating thermal energy (heat) from human locomotion is proposed and used to provide heating of the user's footwear. The apparatus takes the form of a pair of flexible, liquid-filled chambers connected by an energy-generating tube. One chamber is located in the heel region of a footwear insole, with the other in the toe region, such that as a person walks, the liquid moves back and forth within the tube. This movement is used to also move an energy-producing element (either an electromagnetic arrangement or viscous liquid) back and forth within the tube and convert the captured human locomotion energy into thermal energy, thus warming the footwear.

The present disclosure relates to a closed circuit hydraulic system for a construction machine including a plurality of actuators and a plurality of hydraulic pumps selectively supplying working oil to the plurality of actuators bidirectionally and the closed circuit hydraulic system includes: a charge line selectively connected with a low-pressure side hydraulic line which returns to the hydraulic pump from the actuator among hydraulic lines connecting the hydraulic pumps and the actuators; a charge pump supplying a supplement flow to the charge line; and a variable relief valve selectively changing a normal mode to limit a pressure of the charge line to a predetermined pressure or less and a boost mode to limit the pressure of the charge line to a pressure lower than the pressure of the charge line in the normal mode.