Embodiments are directed toward an engine. In some embodiments, the engine includes a water pump and a balancer shaft. In some embodiments, the water pump has a plain bearing. In some embodiments, plain bearing is supplied with pressurized oil. In some embodiments, the balancer shaft drives the water pump as well as cam shafts.

A cylinder block has a different amount of oil supply for each journal, in which a plurality of bearing saddles are arranged at intervals and main bearings, which support main journals of a crank shaft, are respectively mounted to the plurality of bearing saddles. The bearing saddles comprise oil galleries formed in the cylinder block. Oil chambers are recessed from surfaces of the plurality of bearing saddles, to which an oil is supplied through the oil galleries, and communicate with end portions of the oil galleries to store the oil supplied from the oil galleries. The main bearings have oil holes through which the oil introduced into the oil chambers flow to the main journals. The amount of oil supplied to the main journals is determined according to an overlapped amount between the oil chambers and the oil holes.

An automotive shaft includes a journal having a crest-to-crest contact surface area defined by and between undercut regions of the shaft, an entirety of the crest-to-crest contact surface area being laser hardened to a depth no greater than 1 mm to form a layer that does not contain unhardened portions.

A biasing member assembled with a bearing and a crankshaft wherein the bearing is configured to receive the crankshaft. The crankshaft is assembled with an internal combustion engine. The biasing member biases the bearing in an axial direction relative to the crankshaft to reduce an endplay of the crankshaft while the engine is operable in a normal operating condition. The biasing member provides a resilient biasing force for biasing the bearing into engagement with a cylinder block when the crankshaft is operational to thereby eliminate or reduce the crankshaft endplay and improve the sealing performance of a crankshaft axial seal.

To provide a technique capable of realizing an appropriate wear resistance in a resin coating layer. The sliding member of the present invention is a sliding member including a base layer and a resin coating layer formed on the base layer, wherein the resin coating layer is formed of a polyamide-imide resin as a binder, barium sulfate particles, molybdenum disulfide particles, and unavoidable impurities, wherein the resin coating layer is composed of a plurality of overcoated application layers, and wherein the plurality of application layers are different from each other in content of hard particles.

To provide a technique capable of realizing an appropriate wear resistance in a resin coating layer. The sliding member of the present invention is a sliding member including a base layer and a resin coating layer formed on the base layer, wherein the resin coating layer is formed of a polyamide-imide resin as a binder, barium sulfate particles, molybdenum disulfide particles, and unavoidable impurities, wherein the resin coating layer is composed of a plurality of overcoated application layers, and wherein the plurality of application layers are different from each other in content of hard particles.

A semi-cylindrical half bearing for a sliding bearing includes at least one axial groove formed on its inner circumferential surface that includes a smooth groove surface formed back away from the inner circumferential surface toward a radially outer side of the half bearing. The groove surface forms a convex curve toward the radially outer side in a cross-section perpendicular to the axial direction of the half bearing, and forms a straight line extending in the axial direction in a cross-section parallel to the axial direction. The half bearing further includes a plurality of axial narrow grooves formed on the groove surface so as to be back away from the groove surface toward the radially outer side, that extend in the axial direction of the half bearing.

A semi-cylindrical half bearing for a sliding bearing includes at least one axial groove formed on its inner circumferential surface that includes a smooth groove surface formed back away from the inner circumferential surface toward a radially outer side of the half bearing. The groove surface forms a convex curve toward the radially outer side in a cross-section perpendicular to the axial direction of the half bearing, and forms a straight line extending in the axial direction in a cross-section parallel to the axial direction. The half bearing further includes a plurality of axial narrow grooves formed on the groove surface so as to be back away from the groove surface toward the radially outer side, that extend in the axial direction of the half bearing.

A bearing cap (1) is attached to a bulkhead (22) of a cylinder block (21) made of a light metal through a pair of bolts (24). The bearing cap (1) has a frame (2) made of an iron-based metal and a cast light-alloy part (3). The frame (2) has a pair of pillar parts (9) through which the bolts (24) extend and a circular-arc-shaped arch section (10). At high temperatures, the span of the pair of the bolts (24) increases due to thermal expansion of the light-alloy material, and the pair of the pillar parts (9) expand. This causes the middle part of the arch section (10) to shift upward, thereby suppressing an increase in bearing clearance.

A bearing cap (1) is attached to a bulkhead (22) of a cylinder block (21) made of a light metal through a pair of bolts (24). The bearing cap (1) has a frame (2) made of an iron-based metal and a cast light-alloy part (3). The frame (2) has a pair of pillar parts (9) through which the bolts (24) extend and a circular-arc-shaped arch section (10). At high temperatures, the span of the pair of the bolts (24) increases due to thermal expansion of the light-alloy material, and the pair of the pillar parts (9) expand. This causes the middle part of the arch section (10) to shift upward, thereby suppressing an increase in bearing clearance.