The invention relates to a method of determining that a failure has occurred at or in a wheel end bearing of a vehicle. An estimated value of the temperature of the wheel end bearing is calculated by a processing circuitry. A measured value of the temperature of the wheel end bearing is acquired by a temperature sensor. The measured value is compared with the estimated value by the processing circuitry. When the measured value deviates from the estimated value by a predefined difference or more, then the processing circuitry determines that a failure has occurred. The invention also relates to a system for determining that a failure has occurred.

A method for determining the preload value of the screw based on thermal error and temperature rise weighting. Firstly, thermal behavior test of the feed shaft under typical working conditions is carried out to obtain the maximum thermal error and the temperature rise at the key measuring points in each preloaded state. Then, a mathematical model of the preload value of the screw and the maximum thermal error is established; meanwhile, another mathematical model of the preload value of the screw and the temperature rise at the key measuring points is also established. Finally, the optimal preload value of the screw is obtained. The thermal error of the feed shaft and the temperature rise of the moving components are comprehensively considered, improving the processing accuracy and accuracy stability of the machine tool, and ensuring the service life of the moving components such as bearings.

A method for determining the preload value of the screw based on thermal error and temperature rise weighting. Firstly, thermal behavior test of the feed shaft under typical working conditions is carried out to obtain the maximum thermal error and the temperature rise at the key measuring points in each preloaded state. Then, a mathematical model of the preload value of the screw and the maximum thermal error is established; meanwhile, another mathematical model of the preload value of the screw and the temperature rise at the key measuring points is also established. Finally, the optimal preload value of the screw is obtained. The thermal error of the feed shaft and the temperature rise of the moving components are comprehensively considered, improving the processing accuracy and accuracy stability of the machine tool, and ensuring the service life of the moving components such as bearings.

A bearing assembly includes a shaft, a first bearing, and a nut. The nut has a thread, which is screwed onto a threaded region formed on the shaft, and a bearing seat formed on the shaft adjoins the threaded region. The inner ring of the first bearing contacts the bearing seat, and the nut contacts the inner ring of the first bearing. The inner ring of the first bearing is arranged spaced apart from the threaded region of the shaft. A runout region of a thread cut into the threaded region of the shaft is arranged in a subsection of the bearing seat adjoining the threaded region.

A transmission series has a first transmission and a second transmission. The first transmission and the second transmission each have a respective input shaft, a housing, a supporting structure fixed in the housing, and at least two bearings by means of which the input shaft is mounted rotatably in the respective supporting structure. The at least two bearings of the first transmission are of the same first design and the at least two bearings of the second transmission are of the same second design that is different from the first design. The supporting structures of the first and second transmissions are designed identically.

A hub unit including an end cap for preloading and retaining a bearing unit on an axle. The end cap is provided with a sensor unit for detecting at least one of vibrations and temperature of the bearing unit.

A hub unit including an end cap for preloading and retaining a bearing unit on an axle. The end cap is provided with a sensor unit for detecting at least one of vibrations and temperature of the bearing unit.

A method of adjusting preload on a bearing assembly of a wheel mounted on an axle or spindle with a lock nut includes mounting a preload adjustment tool onto a threaded axle or spindle. The load on the bearing assembly is increased using the tool. The wheel on the axle or spindle is rotated to set the bearing assembly. The load on the bearing assembly is decreased to a desired maximum preload on the bearing. After decreasing the load on the bearing assembly to a desired maximum preload, the lock nut is tightened by hand until the lock nut cannot be further tightened. The lock nut is loosened by rotating the lock nut to a preferred location where a guide mark on the tool aligns with one mark on the lock nut located closest to the guide mark wherein a resultant preload on the bearing assembly is within a preset range from the desired maximum preload.

A method of adjusting preload on a bearing assembly of a wheel mounted on an axle or spindle with a lock nut includes mounting a preload adjustment tool onto a threaded axle or spindle. The load on the bearing assembly is increased using the tool. The wheel on the axle or spindle is rotated to set the bearing assembly. The load on the bearing assembly is decreased to a desired maximum preload on the bearing. After decreasing the load on the bearing assembly to a desired maximum preload, the lock nut is tightened by hand until the lock nut cannot be further tightened. The lock nut is loosened by rotating the lock nut to a preferred location where a guide mark on the tool aligns with one mark on the lock nut located closest to the guide mark wherein a resultant preload on the bearing assembly is within a preset range from the desired maximum preload.

A transmission (101) with at least one planetary carrier (102), at least one ring gear (103), at least one planetary gearwheel (105), at least one planetary bolt (107), one or more planetary bearings (109) and at least one sun gear (111). The planetary bolt (107) is fixed into the planetary carrier (102). The planetary gearwheel (105) is mounted to rotate on the planetary bolt (107) by way of the planetary bearing (109). The planetary gearwheel (105) meshes with the ring gear (103) and/or the sun gear (111). The transmission (101) includes at least one nut (123). The nut (123) screws onto an external thread (121) of the planetary bolt (107). The planetary bearings (109) are axially fixed by the nut (123) and a shoulder (125) of the planetary bolt (107).