Described herein are methods and compositions for using microbial agents (probiotics) and agents that promote growth of certain microbes (prebiotics) for management (including prevention and treatment) of musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis, osteopenia, Paget's disease, stunting, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, and delayed or non-union fractures. Also described herein are methods and compositions for using probiotics and prebiotics for management of inflammation, and symptoms of menopause.

The present disclosure provides methods of treating a subject having decreased bone mineral density or at risk of developing decreased bone mineral density, and methods of identifying subjects having an increased risk of developing decreased bone mineral density.

The present disclosure provides methods of treating a subject having decreased bone mineral density or at risk of developing decreased bone mineral density, and methods of identifying subjects having an increased risk of developing decreased bone mineral density.

The present invention relates to a pyrazine derivative, an application thereof in inhibiting SHP2, and a compound of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, isomers, solvates, prodrugs or isotope labels thereof. The structure of the compound of formula (I) is as follows. The novel pyrazine derivative provided by the present invention has excellent inhibition of SHP2 activity and can be used to prevent and/or treat non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-mediated or dependent diseases or disorders.

The invention relates to new bicyclic heterocycle compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and to the use of the compounds in the treatment of diseases, e.g. cancer.

Compositions and methods relating to antibodies that specifically bind to TGF-beta binding proteins are provided. These methods and compositions relate to altering bone mineral density by interfering with the interaction between a TGF-beta binding protein sclerostin and a TGF-beta superfamily member, particularly a bone morphogenic protein. Increasing bone mineral density has uses in diseases and conditions in which low bone mineral density typifies the condition, such as osteopenia, osteoporosis, and bone fractures.

This disclosure provides compounds and compositions and methods of using those compounds and compositions to treat diseases and disorders associated with excessive transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) activity. This disclosure also provides methods of using the compounds in combination with one or more cancer immunotherapies.

Indazole compounds for treating various diseases and pathologies are disclosed. More particularly, the present invention concerns the use of an indazole compound or analogs thereof, in the treatment of disorders characterized by the activation of Wnt pathway signaling (e.g., cancer, abnormal cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, Alzheimer's disease, lung disease and osteoarthritis), the modulation of cellular events mediated by Wnt pathway signaling, as well as genetic diseases and neurological conditions/disorders/diseases due to mutations or dysregulation of the Wnt pathway and/or of one or more of Wnt signaling components. Also provided are methods for treating Wnt-related disease states.

An 8-substituted styryl xanthine derivatives and uses thereof, specifically, relates to a novel 8-substituted styryl xanthine derivative and a pharmaceutical composition containing this compound, which can be selective adenosine A.sub.2A receptor antagonist, and also relates to methods of preparing this compound and pharmaceutical composition, and uses thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an adenosine A.sub.2A receptor-related disease, especially Parkinson's Disease.

A biphenyl fluorine double bond derivative having a structure as represented by formula (I), a preparation method therefor, and a pharmaceutical application thereof. The biphenyl fluorine double bond derivative having the structure as represented by formula (I) can be widely applied in the preparation of medicaments for preventing and/or treating cancers or tumors, immune-related diseases and disorders, communicable diseases, infectious diseases or metabolic diseases mediated by PD-1/PD-L1 signal pathways, and is expected to be developed into a new generation of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

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