[Problems] To provide a method for treating and/or preventing osteoporosis with teriparatide or a salt thereof, the method having excellent safety and/or efficacies. [Solving Means] A method for treating and/or preventing osteoporosis in which teriparatide or a salt thereof is an active ingredient, including administering teriparatide or a salt thereof in a unit dose of 28.2 μg at a frequency of twice a week.

The subject matter herein is directed to carbazole-containing amide, carbamate, and urea derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof of structural formula I wherein the variable R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, A, D, E, G, J, L, M, Q, a, and b are accordingly described. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of formula I to treat a Cry-mediated disease or disorder, such as diabetes, complications associated with diabetes, Cushing's syndrome, NASH, NAFLD, asthma, and COPD.

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The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of (i) at least three miRNAs selected in any one of Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, Table 11 or Table 12 and (ii) a pharmaceutical acceptable vehicle. The pharmaceutical composition according to the invention may be of therapeutic use for the prevention and/or the treatment of tissue disorders, including, but not limited to skin disorders, bone disorders and/or cartilage disorders.

Methods and compositions for modifying glycans (e.g., glycans expressed on the surface of live cells or cell particles) are provided herein.

Provided herein are methods, compounds, and compositions for reducing expression of transthyretin mRNA and protein in an animal. Such methods, compounds, and compositions are useful to treat, prevent, delay, or ameliorate transthyretin amyloidosis, or a symptom thereof.

The present invention relates to a composition, comprising COTL1 as an active ingredient, for diagnosis of a bone disease or obesity. Downregulation of the expression of the COTL1 protein or a gene thereof inhibits the differentiation activity of osteoclasts to reinforce bone density, compared to a normal control, and to increase factors that induce articular inflammation and cartilage degeneration, causing a bone disease such as osteosclerosis or osteoarthritis. Thus, COTL1 protein or a gene coding therefor can be used for diagnosing, preventing, or treating a bone disease such as osteosclerosis or osteoarthritis. In addition, downregulation of the expression of COTL1 protein or a gene coding therefor exhibits an excellent effect of treating obesity by reducing body weight and body fat mass in high-fat diet obesity mouse models and suppressing hepatic fat accumulation and adipocyte sizes and can be used for diagnosing obesity. An inhibitor against the protein or a gene thereof can be used to effectively prevent, alleviate, or treat obesity.

Provided are compositions and methods for production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, or chemokines. Provided are nucleic acids (e.g., expression vectors) that include an NFκB inflammation response element operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-inflammatory cytokine (e.g., IL-4). In some cases, the nucleic acid is an expression vector selected from: a linear expression vector, a circular expression vector, a plasmid, and a viral expression vector. Also provided are cells (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells—MSCs) comprising a nucleic acid that includes an NFκB inflammation response element operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In some cases, the nucleic acid is integrated into the cell's genome. Also provided are methods for treating an individual having an inflammation-associated ailment, which can include administering an MSC to the individual, where the MSC includes an NFκB inflammation response element operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-inflammatory cytokine.

Provided are compositions and methods for production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, or chemokines. Provided are nucleic acids (e.g., expression vectors) that include an NFκB inflammation response element operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-inflammatory cytokine (e.g., IL-4). In some cases, the nucleic acid is an expression vector selected from: a linear expression vector, a circular expression vector, a plasmid, and a viral expression vector. Also provided are cells (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells—MSCs) comprising a nucleic acid that includes an NFκB inflammation response element operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In some cases, the nucleic acid is integrated into the cell's genome. Also provided are methods for treating an individual having an inflammation-associated ailment, which can include administering an MSC to the individual, where the MSC includes an NFκB inflammation response element operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding an anti-inflammatory cytokine.

Provided are antibodies specific for the heparan sulfate binding site of Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE). Also provided are methods for treating of conditions in which RAGE is involved comprising administration of the antibodies to an individual in need of treatment.

Provided are antibodies specific for the heparan sulfate binding site of Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE). Also provided are methods for treating of conditions in which RAGE is involved comprising administration of the antibodies to an individual in need of treatment.