The present invention relates to methods for the treatment of a bone fracture or bone defect. The invention discloses the effective use of an anti-gremlin-1 antibody to accelerate the healing and bridging of bone tissue in segmental gap defects; and demonstrates that inhibitors of gremlin-1 activity may provide improved therapies for treating or preventing fracture non-union.

The present invention provides methods for manipulating epigenetic factors to treat pediatric or juvenile osteoporosis. Specifically, the present invention provides methods for the application of H3K27 demethylase inhibitors in pediatric or juvenile subjects with osteoporosis. Thus, the present invention provides methods of administration of the H3K27 demethylase inhibitor, GSK-J4, to pediatric or juvenile subjects to effectively inhibit primary and secondary pediatric osteoporosis, especially for long-term glucocorticoid treated patients (juvenile rheumatoid disorders, Crohn's disease, nephrotic syndrome, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy) and patients who have compromised mobility (cerebral palsy, Rett syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and spinal muscular atrophy).

The present invention provides methods for manipulating epigenetic factors to treat pediatric or juvenile osteoporosis. Specifically, the present invention provides methods for the application of H3K27 demethylase inhibitors in pediatric or juvenile subjects with osteoporosis. Thus, the present invention provides methods of administration of the H3K27 demethylase inhibitor, GSK-J4, to pediatric or juvenile subjects to effectively inhibit primary and secondary pediatric osteoporosis, especially for long-term glucocorticoid treated patients (juvenile rheumatoid disorders, Crohn's disease, nephrotic syndrome, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy) and patients who have compromised mobility (cerebral palsy, Rett syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and spinal muscular atrophy).

In one aspect, compounds of Formula A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are featured (Formula A) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables shown in Formula A can be as defined anywhere herein.

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Nanoparticles and formulations for preventing or reducing peri-/post-menopausal bone loss and/or obesity in a subject are disclosed. The nanoparticles contain a cage, such as a zeolitic imidazolate framework (“ZIF”), a surface modifying agent, a targeting ligand, and an active agent. The surface modifying agent is attached to the outer surface of the cage and the targeting ligand is exposed to the surrounding environment. The active agent is encapsulated in the cage. The targeting ligand binds to a reproductive hormone or a receptor of a reproductive hormone. The active agent can be a ribosome inactivating protein, an apoptosis inducer, a hormone, a receptor ligand, or a nucleic acid, or a combination thereof, that inactivate ribosomes of gonadotroph cells and/or prevent or reduce secretion of follicle-stimulating hormones in the subject. Uses for formulations incorporating the nanoparticles for preventing or reducing peri-/post-menopausal bone loss and/or obesity in a subject are also disclosed.

The present invention provides a preventing or improving agent that can favorably promote bone formation, is effective in preventing or improving osteoporosis or a decrease in bone strength, has high safety, and is suitable for long-term continuous ingestion or administration, by forming a bone remodeling accelerator comprising one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of flavanone and a glycoside thereof.

A traditional Chinese medicine composition includes 60%-80% by weight of Eucommia ulmoides extract, 15%-30% by weight of Rhizoma Drynariae extract and 5%-10% by weight of Semen Cuscutae extract. A method of preparing the traditional Chinese medicine composition is also provided. Uses of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in the prevention and/or treatment of osteoporosis are also provided.

A traditional Chinese medicine composition includes 60%-80% by weight of Eucommia ulmoides extract, 15%-30% by weight of Rhizoma Drynariae extract and 5%-10% by weight of Semen Cuscutae extract. A method of preparing the traditional Chinese medicine composition is also provided. Uses of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in the prevention and/or treatment of osteoporosis are also provided.

The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising fixed dose combinations of a DPP-4 inhibitor drug and a partner drug, processes for the preparation thereof, and their use to treat certain diseases.

A method of treating ischemia in a subject in need thereof is disclosed. The method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of adherent cells of a tissue selected from the group consisting of a placenta and an adipose tissue, thereby treating the ischemia in the subject. A method of treating a medical condition requiring connective tissue regeneration and/or repair is also disclosed.