An 8-substituted styryl xanthine derivatives and uses thereof, specifically, relates to a novel 8-substituted styryl xanthine derivative and a pharmaceutical composition containing this compound, which can be selective adenosine A.sub.2A receptor antagonist, and also relates to methods of preparing this compound and pharmaceutical composition, and uses thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an adenosine A.sub.2A receptor-related disease, especially Parkinson's Disease.

Provided are methods for reducing substance consumption by subjects. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods include administering to a subject in need thereof a composition that includes an effective amount of an inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity is a small molecule inhibitor, a nucleic acid-based inhibitor, and anti-EHMT2/G9A antibody or a fragment or derivative thereof, or any combination thereof. Also provided are methods for reducing relapse vulnerability in subjects that have Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and/or another substance use disorder. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods further include administering at least one additional therapy to subjects, including but not limited to behavioral therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapies.

Provided are methods for reducing substance consumption by subjects. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods include administering to a subject in need thereof a composition that includes an effective amount of an inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity is a small molecule inhibitor, a nucleic acid-based inhibitor, and anti-EHMT2/G9A antibody or a fragment or derivative thereof, or any combination thereof. Also provided are methods for reducing relapse vulnerability in subjects that have Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and/or another substance use disorder. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods further include administering at least one additional therapy to subjects, including but not limited to behavioral therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapies.

The present disclosure provides for treating neurodegenerative diseases comprising administering acetyl-leucine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

An immediate release, unit doses of GHB or one of the therapeutically acceptable salts thereof administered via oral route. Such unit doses contain between 0.37 and 1.75 g of GHB, when under the form of granules, these granules have the following composition (weight % relative to the total weight of the granule): Active ingredient (sodium oxybate): 50 to 60%; Effervescent agent: 5 to 15%; Diluent: 2 to 18%; Binder: 3 to 10%; Substrate (Solid core of the granule): 15 to 25%; Coating agent/flavouring agent/sweetening agent/lubricant: 3 to 6%. Application for maintaining abstinence from alcohol of patients with mild or moderate alcohol dependence or with severe or very severe alcohol dependence, either suffering or not from liver disease.

An immediate release, unit doses of GHB or one of the therapeutically acceptable salts thereof administered via oral route. Such unit doses contain between 0.37 and 1.75 g of GHB, when under the form of granules, these granules have the following composition (weight % relative to the total weight of the granule): Active ingredient (sodium oxybate): 50 to 60%; Effervescent agent: 5 to 15%; Diluent: 2 to 18%; Binder: 3 to 10%; Substrate (Solid core of the granule): 15 to 25%; Coating agent/flavouring agent/sweetening agent/lubricant: 3 to 6%. Application for maintaining abstinence from alcohol of patients with mild or moderate alcohol dependence or with severe or very severe alcohol dependence, either suffering or not from liver disease.

Disclosed are methods, compounds, and compositions useful for increasing autophagy and promoting longevity. The methods, compounds, and compositions relate to urolithins and urolithin precursors and use thereof. Certain urolithins are represented by Formula I, while certain urolithin precursors are represented by Formula IV. The urolithin may be urolithin A, urolithin B, urolithin C, or urolithin D. The urolithin precursor may be ellagic acid or an ellagitannin. The methods include in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro uses of the compounds and compositions.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for treating a sigma-2 receptor-mediated condition or disorder, including treating one or more symptoms of a sigma-2 receptor-mediated condition or disorder.

It is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 3-beta-hydroxy-5-alpha-pregnan-20-one, at least one sterol or an ester thereof and a mixture of acylglycerols with a solid fat content of less than 25% at 25° C. and 0% at 37° C. In addition it is provided a method for preparing the pharmaceutical composition.

The presently-disclosed subject matter describes Lobinaline N-oxides as modulators of the dopamine transporter. The presently-disclosed subject matter further describes to Lobinaline N-oxides as modulators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Also described herein are methods for treating substance abuse disorders comprising administering Lobinaline N-oxides to a subject in need thereof.