The present invention is related to a method of reducing tobacco addiction in a smoking subject with Lactobacillus fermentum GKF3, including daily administering an oral composition containing the Lactobacillus fermentum GKF3 to the smoking subject, in which the oral composition reduces the total amount of the nicotine metabolites in urine.

Described are nicotine-degrading enzyme variants that exhibit increased nicotine-degrading activity and/or decreased immunogenicity relative to the wild-type NicA2 and NOX enzymes, compositions comprising the variants, and methods using them.

A pharmaceutical long acting depot composition is provided as an aid to smoking cessation treatment. The formulation comprises a therapeutically effective amount of varenicline or its pharmaceutically acceptable derivative and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The process of preparation of the formulation is also provided.

A pharmaceutical long acting depot composition is provided as an aid to smoking cessation treatment. The formulation comprises a therapeutically effective amount of varenicline or its pharmaceutically acceptable derivative and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The process of preparation of the formulation is also provided.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating neurological or psychiatric diseases or disorders using a combination of bupropion and dextromethorphan. Related compositions and dosage forms are also described.

This disclosure relates to dosage forms containing an enantiomerically enriched or pure bupropion such as an enantiomeric excess of (S)-bupropion, enantiomerically enriched (S)-bupropion, or enantiomerically pure (S)-bupropion and methods of using these dosage forms. These dosage forms may be administered to human beings in a reduced amount as compared to the amount of racemic bupropion that would be administered in the same situation.

The invention relates to an oral nicotine formulation for use in the alleviation of nicotine craving, the formulation comprising a content of nicotine and a content of a pH regulating agent, wherein the formulation provides a peak saliva concentration of nicotine of more than 0.3 mg/mL and a peak saliva pH of more than 7.5 during the first 120 seconds upon oral administration.

The invention provides a chemical entity of Formula (I), and compositions comprising such chemical entities; methods of making them; and their use in a wide range of methods, including metabolic and reaction kinetic studies, detection and imaging techniques, and radioactive treatments; and therapies, including inhibiting PDE4, enhancing neuronal plasticity, treating neurological disorders, providing neuroprotection, treating a cognitive impairment associated with a CNS disorder, enhancing the efficiency of cognitive and motor training, providing neurorecovery and neurorehabilitation, enhancing the efficiency of non-human animal training protocols, and treating treating peripheral disorders, including inflammatory and renal disorders.

Plant-based medicinal compounds or nutritional supplements in various carrier combinations are described. The carriers can include N-acylated fatty amino acids, penetration enhancers, and/or various other beneficial carriers. The plant-based composition/carrier combinations can create administration benefits.

The invention relates to a nicotine chewing gum giving an immediate release and uptake of nicotine as well as an extended release and uptake of nicotine as well as describing suitable manufacturing processes for such chewing gum formulations and the use of the chewing gum for the treatment of a human being suffering from cravings from tobacco and/or e-cigarette dependency.