The present invention relates to methods of treating or preventing addiction and relapse use of addictive agents, and treating or preventing addictive or compulsive behaviour and relapse practice of an addictive behaviour or compulsion, by administering a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent, such as, for example, an opioid receptor antagonist or an antidepressant, or an addictive agent, such as, for example, an opioid agonist. The present invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions for treating or preventing addiction or relapse that include a PPARγ agonist and one or more other therapeutic or addictive agents, as well as unit dosage forms of such pharmaceutical compositions, which contain a dosage effective in treating or preventing addiction or relapse. The methods and compositions of the invention are useful in the treatment or prevention of addiction to any agent, including alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, and amphetamines, as well as compulsive and addictive behaviours, including pathological gambling and pathological overeating.

The invention provides certain nicotine salts, co-crystals, and salt co-crystals and provides novel polymorphic forms of certain nicotine salts. In particular, nicotine salts with mucic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and crystalline polymorphic forms of nicotine 4-acetamidobenzoate, nicotine gentisate, and nicotine 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate are described. The invention further provides methods of preparation and characterization of such nicotine salts, co-crystals, and salt co-crystals and polymorphic forms thereof. In addition, tobacco products, including smoking articles, smokeless tobacco products, and electronic smoking articles comprising nicotine salts, co-crystals, and/or salt co-crystals are also provided.

An aerosol-generating system is provided, including a medicament source and a volatile delivery enhancing compound source. The volatile delivery enhancing compound source includes a first sorption element, a second sorption element downstream of the first sorption element, and a volatile delivery enhancing compound sorbed on the first sorption element and the second sorption element, wherein a rate of release of the volatile delivery enhancing compound from the first sorption element is greater than a rate of release of the volatile delivery enhancing compound from the second sorption element.

The present invention discloses a series of piperidine derivatives as orexin receptor antagonists and compositions thereof, and relates to the application thereof in preparing medications for the treatment of insomnia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, hypersomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attack, nicotine addiction, or binge eating disorder.

Described are nicotine-degrading enzyme variants that exhibit increased nicotine-degrading activity and/or decreased immunogenicity relative to the wild-type NicA2 enzyme, compositions comprising the variants, and methods using them.

Described are nicotine-degrading enzyme variants that exhibit increased nicotine-degrading activity and/or decreased immunogenicity relative to the wild-type NicA2 enzyme, compositions comprising the variants, and methods using them.

The present invention provides a stock compositions comprising a combinations of terpenes, that, when used as diluents in vaporizable formulations comprising cannabinoids, confer administration of reproducible constant dose of the formulations and its components such as cannabinoids, reduce throat irritation and improve the flavor of said formulations. The invention further provides vaporizable formulations comprising defined concentrations of the diluent(s) and cannabinoids. Use of the vaporizable formulations is provided as well.

The present invention provides a stock compositions comprising a combinations of terpenes, that, when used as diluents in vaporizable formulations comprising cannabinoids, confer administration of reproducible constant dose of the formulations and its components such as cannabinoids, reduce throat irritation and improve the flavor of said formulations. The invention further provides vaporizable formulations comprising defined concentrations of the diluent(s) and cannabinoids. Use of the vaporizable formulations is provided as well.

The disclosure provides a method of treating a substance use disorder in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising R(−)-ketamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the composition is substantially free of S(+)-ketamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof:

##STR00001## wherein m, l, and n respectively represent an integer of 1 or 2; X represents —O— or —CH.sub.2—; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy-lower alkyl group, a protecting group, or a tri-lower alkylsilyloxy-lower alkyl group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which are the same or different, each independently represent hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are bonded to form a cyclo-C3-C8 alkyl group; and R.sup.4 represents an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group, wherein the aromatic or heterocyclic group may have one or more arbitrary substituent(s).