The present invention provides a crystalline lens hardening inhibitor, containing a compound represented by the formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1-R.sup.4 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a sulfanyl group, a lower alkyl group, a lower acyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, a carbamoyl group or a carbonylamino acid group, or a salt thereof, and/or a compound represented by the formula (II):

##STR00002##

wherein R is a hydrogen atom, or a lower alkyl group optionally substituted by an amino group, a hydroxy group, a sulfanyl group or a carboxyl group, and A is a lower alkylene group, or a salt thereof.

The present invention provides dual specificity antibody fusion proteins comprising an antibody Fab or Fab′ fragment with specificity for an antigen of interest, said fragment being fused to at least one single domain antibody which has specificity for a second antigen of interest.

Some aspects of the invention provide for a method of treating Wet and/or Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Diabetic Retinopathy, cataracts, and/or Stargardt Disease using polyunsaturated fatty acids which are modified in certain positions to attenuate oxidative damage by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and/or suppress the rate of formation of reactive products and toxic compounds.

The present invention provides bicyclic heterocyclyl kinase enzyme inhibitor compounds of formula (I), which are therapeutically useful as kinase inhibitors, particularly IRAK4 inhibitors, wherein A, Y, Z, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, R.sub.1, R.sub.3, ‘m’, ‘n’ and ‘p’ have the meanings given in the specification and pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof that are useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases or disorder, in particular their use in diseases or disorder mediated by kinase enzyme, particularly IRAK4 enzyme. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of the compounds of compound of formula (I) together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient therefor.

The present invention relates to the field of food products, especially food products specifically designed for providing health benefits beyond the basic function of nutrition for a subject consuming the product on a regular basis, e.g. on a daily basis. According to the present invention eggs are produced, in particular chicken eggs, that are enriched in one or more pharmacologically active nutrients. The egg yolk obtained from the aforementioned eggs can suitably be used in high amounts as a component of a functional food product having all the characteristics that are normally required for such functional food products. A preferred example of a food product in accordance with the invention is a ready to drink shot containing approximately one whole egg yolk in a volume as small as 100 ml.

Pharmaceutical compositions comprising 3-aminoisoxazolopyridine compounds of the Formula I having IDO1 and/or TDO inhibitory activity are described, where W is CR.sup.1, N or N-oxide; X is CR.sup.2, N or N-oxide; Y is CR.sup.3, N or N-oxide; Z is CR.sup.4, N or N-oxide; and at least one of W, X, Y, and Z is N or N-oxide; and R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are as defined. Also described are methods of using such compounds in the treatment of various conditions, such as cancer.

##STR00001##

The invention relates to the manufacturing and use of pharmaceutical compositions of medicines (ophthalmic preparations) comprising a mitochondria-addressed antioxidant and a set of auxiliary substances providing effective treatment for ophtalmological diseases in humans and animals.

The present invention is related to a compound represented by formula (I), ##STR00001## wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, X.sup.5, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, n, p, q, ring A and ring B are as described in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention relates to myostatin antagonists, for the treatment of cancer cachexia, and cancer cachexia due to chemotherapeutic treatment Especially, the myostatin antagonist bimagrumab was found to be beneficial in the treatment of cancer cachexia by reducing body weight loss. The present invention also relates to combinations and uses of a myostatin antagonist and an mTOR inhibitor for treating cancer cachexia by reducing, maintaining or increasing body weight loss or for use in treating age-related conditions.

The present invention relates to an agent for increasing PAX6 gene and/or protein expression in a subject in need thereof. The insertion of a nonsense mutation found in patients allowed inventors to identify altered gene expression of PAX6 target genes, enhanced cell adhesion and reduced cell migration and proliferation. Remarkably, these parameters were rescued by recombinant PAX6 protein. Using this unique cellular model in which they inserted multiple copies of PAX6 responsive elements and tdTomato, they screened a FDA-approved library and identified in a first hit, 3 small compounds that enhance production of PAX6 protein while two of them did not modulate PAX6 gene expression. More particularly, they observed that the small compounds efficiently rescue in vitro migration of mutated limbal cells. Moreover, in the art, it is known that a decrease of PAX6 leads to an induction of diabetes. Small compounds identified by the inventors are suitable to treat PAX6-related deficiencies diseases such as aniridia and diabetes.