The disclosure relates to methods of providing a multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment that allows controlling conditions other than MS such as infections.

A drug containing, as an active ingredient, a compound having an antagonistic activity against an EP.sub.2 receptor in the prevention and/or treatment of a disease associated with the activation of an EP.sub.2 receptor, of formula (I-A):

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wherein all symbols have the same meanings as those described in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Provided are a heterocyclic amide compound of general formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a preparation method therefor, and the use of the compound in the preparation of a drug for treating diseases related to the activity of STING, in the preparation of an immunologic adjuvant, and in the preparation of a drug for activating STING.

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This document relates to methods and materials involved in identifying and/or treating mammals having membranous nephropathy (e.g., membranous nephropathy with an elevated level of a neural epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like 1 (NELL-1) polypeptide in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM)). For example, methods and materials for administering one or more immunosuppressive agents (e.g., corticosteroids, cyclosporine, or a B-cell reduction or depletion agent such as Rituximab) to treat a mammal (e.g., a human) having membranous nephropathy are provided.

This document relates to methods and materials involved in identifying and/or treating mammals having membranous nephropathy (e.g., membranous nephropathy with an elevated level of a neural epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like 1 (NELL-1) polypeptide in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM)). For example, methods and materials for administering one or more immunosuppressive agents (e.g., corticosteroids, cyclosporine, or a B-cell reduction or depletion agent such as Rituximab) to treat a mammal (e.g., a human) having membranous nephropathy are provided.

Use of a compound in preventing or treating a graft versus host disease (GVHD), especially use of the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in preparing a drug for preventing or treating GVHD.

Use of a compound in preventing or treating a graft versus host disease (GVHD), especially use of the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in preparing a drug for preventing or treating GVHD.

In some aspects, disclosed herein are methods and compositions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease using fibroblasts or derivatives thereof. Disclosed herein are compositions having tolerogenic properties. Compositions of the present disclosure include fibroblasts, activated fibroblasts, fibroblast apoptotic bodies, and fibroblast exosomes. Methods of the present disclosure include, in some cases, providing fibroblasts or derivatives thereof to a subject to treat an inflammatory bowel disease. In some cases, dendritic cells are cultured with fibroblasts and provided to a subject to treat an inflammatory bowel disease.

In some aspects, disclosed herein are methods and compositions for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease using fibroblasts or derivatives thereof. Disclosed herein are compositions having tolerogenic properties. Compositions of the present disclosure include fibroblasts, activated fibroblasts, fibroblast apoptotic bodies, and fibroblast exosomes. Methods of the present disclosure include, in some cases, providing fibroblasts or derivatives thereof to a subject to treat an inflammatory bowel disease. In some cases, dendritic cells are cultured with fibroblasts and provided to a subject to treat an inflammatory bowel disease.

The present disclosure relates to a class of JAK inhibitor compounds and uses thereof. Specifically, the present disclosure discloses a compound represented by formula (I), isotopically labeled compound thereof, or optical isomer thereof, geometric isomer thereof, a tautomer thereof or a mixture of various isomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof, or a metabolite thereof. The present disclosure also relates to the application of the compounds in medicine.

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