The present invention concerns methods for treating progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) in a patient, and an article of manufacture with instructions for such use.

Compounds represented by general formula (I) (all of the symbols in the formula conform to the definitions in the Description) are compounds that, in addition to having a Btk-selective inhibitory activity, exhibit an excellent metabolic stability and can avoid hepatotoxicity or the like, and as a consequence can provide safe therapeutic agents for diseases in which B cells or mast cells participate.

Compounds represented by general formula (I) (all of the symbols in the formula conform to the definitions in the Description) are compounds that, in addition to having a Btk-selective inhibitory activity, exhibit an excellent metabolic stability and can avoid hepatotoxicity or the like, and as a consequence can provide safe therapeutic agents for diseases in which B cells or mast cells participate.

The present invention relates to anti-VP 1 antibodies, antibody fragments, and their uses for the prevention and treatment of polyoma virus infection and associated diseases.

The present invention relates to multispecific antibodies, methods for their production, pharmaceutical compositions containing said antibodies and uses thereof.

To provide a topical formulation that contains rapamycin, has excellent stability, and is effective in treating a skin disease.

A topical formulation including (a) rapamycin, (b) at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol salicylate, diethyl sebacate, and triacetin, and (c) propylene glycol and/or polyethylene glycol, the topical formulation further including an antioxidant, and the topical formulation further including a solution of an antioxidant in a lipophilic solvent are provided.

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), (I), wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as described herein, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, and compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), (I), wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as described herein, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, and compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.

##STR00001##

Provided are modified microorganisms, such as live recombinant commensal bacteria, that express a heterologous antigen, and methods of using the modified microorganisms to induce an antigen-specific immune response to the heterologous antigen. The modified microorganism can be used to induce a regulatory T cell immune response to the heterologous antigen to treat an autoimmune disease in a subject in need thereof, or can be used to induce an effector T cell immune response to the heterologous antigen to treat a proliferative disease in a subject in need thereof.

Provided are modified microorganisms, such as live recombinant commensal bacteria, that express a heterologous antigen, and methods of using the modified microorganisms to induce an antigen-specific immune response to the heterologous antigen. The modified microorganism can be used to induce a regulatory T cell immune response to the heterologous antigen to treat an autoimmune disease in a subject in need thereof, or can be used to induce an effector T cell immune response to the heterologous antigen to treat a proliferative disease in a subject in need thereof.