A damper spring having an excellent fatigue limit is provided. A damper spring according to the present embodiment includes a nitrided layer formed in an outer layer, and a core portion that is further inward than the nitrided layer. The chemical composition of the core portion consists of, in mass%, C: 0.53 to 0.59%, Si: 2.51 to 2.90%, Mn: 0.70 to 0.85%, P: 0.020% or less, 5: 0.020% or less, Cr: 1.40 to 1.70%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.53%, V: 0.23 to 0.33%, Cu: 0.050% or less, Ni: 0.050% or less, Al: 0.0050% or less, Ti: 0.050% or less, N: 0.0070% or less, and Nb: 0 to 0.020%, with the balance being Fe and impurities. In the core portion, a number density of V-based precipitates having a maximum diameter ranging from 2 to 10 nm is 500 to 8000 pieces/μm.sup.2.

An electromechanical steering system may include a reduction gearbox where a worm gear is mounted in first and second bearings rotatably about a longitudinal axis. Rolling elements are disposed between inner and outer rings of the bearings. The inner rings are rotationally fixed on a shaft driven by the worm gear. A spring element is disposed between the inner ring of the second bearing and the worm gear. The spring element has an at least partially annular main body that when installed extends coaxially with the longitudinal axis. Spring arms in a circumferential direction are spaced apart from the longitudinal axis emanating from an external circumferential side of the main body. A first spring arm has a first leg that points away from the longitudinal axis and a second leg on which a free end is disposed, with the second leg running at least partially parallel to the longitudinal axis.

A method for making a device for coiling an elongated flexible object into a predefined shape includes the steps of winding a length of wire around an elongated first mandrel having a diameter approximately the same as a diameter of the object, winding the first mandrel, with the wire wound thereon, around a second mandrel which is configured to conform to the predefined shape, and heating the first and second mandrels to set the windings.

A copper-coated steel wire includes: a core wire made of steel having a pearlite structure; and a coating layer covering a surface of the core wire and made of Cu or a Cu alloy. The steel contains C by greater than or equal to 0.5% by mass and less than or equal to 1.0% by mass, Si by greater than or equal to 0.1% by mass and less than or equal to 2.5% by mass, Mn by greater than or equal to 0.3% by mass and less than or equal to 0.9% by mass, and the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities. In a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction, a value of surface roughness Ra of the core wire is greater than or equal to 25% and less than or equal to 70% of a thickness of the coating layer.

A spring consists of, by mass %, 0.5 to 0.7% of C, 1.0 to 2.0% of Si, 0.1 to 1.0% of Mn, 0.1 to 1.0% of Cr, not more than 0.035% of P, not more than 0.035% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The spring has a structure including not less than 65% of bainite and 4 to 13% of residual austenite by area ratio in a cross section. The spring has a compressive residual stress layer in a cross section from a surface to a depth of 0.35 mm to D/4, in which D (mm) is a circle-equivalent diameter of the cross section. The spring has a high hardness layer with greater hardness than a center portion by 50 to 500 HV from a surface to a depth of 0.05 to 0.3 mm.

An electrically conductive component, which can be used in motor vehicles, may include a surface having a layered covering. The layered covering may be a melted and cured product of coating with a powder composition. Further, the layered covering may have a layer thickness of greater than 150 μm, and the layered covering may be a single-layer covering. The layered covering may also include a pore-like layer structure. The pore-like layer structure of the layered covering may be responsible for an at-least-15% reduction in density of the layered covering relative to a density of the layered covering without the pore-like layer structure.

There is provided a spring steel including predetermined chemical composition, in which ([Ti mass %]−3.43×[N mass %])/[S mass %]>4.0, and [Ni mass %]+[Cu mass %]<0.75 are satisfied, and an appearance frequency of MnS is less than 20% among inclusions having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 μm or more which are observed at a ¼ position of a diameter from a surface.

An aircraft landing gear assembly includes a bi-stable, split line tube biased to assume a tubular condition to serve in place of a lock link or side stay and a flexible vessel actuator configured to radially enlarge the tube at a region for folding.

A wire rod and a steel wire for a high stress suspension spring for motorcycles, wherein decarbonization and low-temperature structure occurrence are easily suppressed when the wire rod and the steel wire are cooled down; and a manufacturing method therefor. A steel wire for a high strength spring includes, in percent by weight (wt %), 0.55 to 0.65% of carbon (C), 0.5 to 0.9% of silicon (Si), 0.3 to 0.8% of manganese (Mn), 0.3 to 0.6% of chromium (Cr), 0.015% or less of phosphorus (P), 0.01% or less of sulfur (S), 0.01% or less of aluminum (Al), 0.005% or less of nitrogen (N), and the remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, satisfies Formula (1) below, and comprises 90% or more of a tempered martensite structure. In Formula (1), C, Mn, Cr, and Si denote contents (wt %) of the corresponding elements, respectively. (1) 0.77≤C+(⅙)*Mn+(⅕)*Cr+( 1/24)*Si≤0.83.

A wire rod and a steel wire for a high stress suspension spring for motorcycles, wherein decarbonization and low-temperature structure occurrence are easily suppressed when the wire rod and the steel wire are cooled down; and a manufacturing method therefor. A steel wire for a high strength spring includes, in percent by weight (wt %), 0.55 to 0.65% of carbon (C), 0.5 to 0.9% of silicon (Si), 0.3 to 0.8% of manganese (Mn), 0.3 to 0.6% of chromium (Cr), 0.015% or less of phosphorus (P), 0.01% or less of sulfur (S), 0.01% or less of aluminum (Al), 0.005% or less of nitrogen (N), and the remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, satisfies Formula (1) below, and comprises 90% or more of a tempered martensite structure. In Formula (1), C, Mn, Cr, and Si denote contents (wt %) of the corresponding elements, respectively. (1) 0.77≤C+(⅙)*Mn+(⅕)*Cr+( 1/24)*Si≤0.83.