Energy distribution structures provide architectural flexibility in various configurations, materials, and scalability, which enables a vast number of applications. An energy distribution structure or array thereof may include a three-dimensional outer component and a three-dimensional inner component within the outer component. The outer component absorbs and redirects initial energy from an applied energy event, and the inner component absorbs and redirects residual energy from the applied energy event. Such an applied energy event may be caused by a ballistic or non-ballistic impact, an instantaneous or prolonged impact such as atmospheric pressure or decompression, explosive overpressure (shockwave), low-velocity contact, and blunt force trauma. Energy distribution structures can increase the strength, resilience or survivability of such events, and reduce the injury or damage to target objects such as people, vehicles, structures, vessels and surfaces by shielding same from such events.

Energy distribution structures provide architectural flexibility in various configurations, materials, and scalability, which enables a vast number of applications. An energy distribution structure or array thereof may include a three-dimensional outer component and a three-dimensional inner component within the outer component. The outer component absorbs and redirects initial energy from an applied energy event, and the inner component absorbs and redirects residual energy from the applied energy event. Such an applied energy event may be caused by a ballistic or non-ballistic impact, an instantaneous or prolonged impact such as atmospheric pressure or decompression, explosive overpressure (shockwave), low-velocity contact, and blunt force trauma. Energy distribution structures can increase the strength, resilience or survivability of such events, and reduce the injury or damage to target objects such as people, vehicles, structures, vessels and surfaces by shielding same from such events.

Deformable spacers and spacer assemblies absorb energy when flange bolts are subjected to compressive axial loads by plastically deforming, failing in shear, rupturing or in a combination of failure modes so the flange bolts and the flanges connected thereby are not damaged. One deformable spacer may have a hollow cylindrical body with a plurality of elongated slots there through. Another deformable spacer may have an annular stiffener extending inwardly from an inner surface of a hollow cylindrical body. A spacer assembly may include an inner cylindrical body, and outer cylindrical body, and an annular shoulder extending from one of the bodies and engaged by the other body shears when a shear failure load is applied to the flange bolt. Another spacer assembly may include an annular belt around a cylindrical body so that the belt will rupture before the cylindrical body plastically deforms.

Deformable spacers and spacer assemblies absorb energy when flange bolts are subjected to compressive axial loads by plastically deforming, failing in shear, rupturing or in a combination of failure modes so the flange bolts and the flanges connected thereby are not damaged. One deformable spacer may have a hollow cylindrical body with a plurality of elongated slots there through. Another deformable spacer may have an annular stiffener extending inwardly from an inner surface of a hollow cylindrical body. A spacer assembly may include an inner cylindrical body, and outer cylindrical body, and an annular shoulder extending from one of the bodies and engaged by the other body shears when a shear failure load is applied to the flange bolt. Another spacer assembly may include an annular belt around a cylindrical body so that the belt will rupture before the cylindrical body plastically deforms.

A cushioning and impact absorbing pad with a surface layer of thickness t, and an elastomeric sub-surface-structure of height h. The sub-surface structure comprises an array of elastomeric columns wherein each column has a frustoconical column wall surrounding a central void. The frustoconical column walls have a zone that is a more compressible, relatively collapsible zone in a region at an end of the column opposite the surface layer and a zone that is a relatively less compressible zone in a region at the end of the column abutting the surface layer. Column walls are tapered with draft angles in the range of greater than 6 degrees and less than 10 degrees.

A footrest support structure includes a footrest main body 10 on which a foot of an occupant is placeable, a panel member 14 of a vehicle interior floor, and a shock absorbing member 15. The panel member 14 has an inclined portion 14b inclined forward and upward from the horizontal portion 14a. The shock absorbing member 15 is interposed between the panel member 14 and the footrest main body 10. The inclined portion 14b of the panel member 14 has a recessed portion 18 that is recessed downward. The shock absorbing member 15 has a thinned portion 21 in a portion facing the recessed portion 18, which is thinner than other portions. A deformation-allowing space 30 is formed between the recessed portion 18 and the shock absorbing member 15.

A steering column assembly includes a jacket assembly and an energy absorption strap assembly. The energy absorption strap assembly has a first energy absorption strap and a second energy absorption strap. The first energy absorption strap has a first strap body that extends between a first strap first end and a first strap second end. The first strap body defines a first opening and a second opening. The second energy absorption strap has a second strap body that extends between a second strap first end and a second strap second end. The second strap first end is at least partially received within the first opening and the second strap second end is at least partially received within the second opening.

A steering column assembly includes a jacket assembly and an energy absorption strap assembly. The energy absorption strap assembly has a first energy absorption strap and a second energy absorption strap. The first energy absorption strap has a first strap body that extends between a first strap first end and a first strap second end. The first strap body defines a first opening and a second opening. The second energy absorption strap has a second strap body that extends between a second strap first end and a second strap second end. The second strap first end is at least partially received within the first opening and the second strap second end is at least partially received within the second opening.

An impact absorbing structure for a vehicle wherein the impact absorbing structure includes a metal beam and a resin crash pad installed on a side of the metal beam where an external impact is received, the resin crash pad is installed within a range in a longitudinal direction of the metal beam, the range including a site including a longitudinal direction center of the metal beam and receives the external impact, the resin crash pad is composed of a thermoplastic resin composition, and the thermoplastic resin composition constituting the resin crash pad has a flexural modulus if 1 to 20 GPa as measured using an ISO test piece obtained by injection molding, a bending test is performed in accordance with ISO 178 at a strain rate of 2 mm/min in an atmosphere at a temperature of 23° C. and a humidity of 50% to measure the flexural modulus.

In some embodiments, an energy absorber element can comprise: a first support wall and a second support wall, a crush wall joining the first and second support walls together to define a deformable zone; a connection mechanism configured to connect the first and/or second support wall to a vehicle. In one embodiment, a method for using an energy absorber element in a vehicle can comprise: detachably connecting an energy absorber element to a vehicle at a support location for a vehicle component, once the energy absorber element has absorbed energy, detaching the energy absorber element from the vehicle; and separately replacing the energy absorber element from the vehicle component. In some embodiments, the vehicle component is not replaced.