An offset in-line four cylinder engine has reduced vibration generated by a secondary inertia couple based on lateral pressures from pistons. A reference line passes through a shaft center of a crankshaft and is parallel or substantially parallel to cylinder axes of four cylinders as viewed in the axial direction of the crankshaft. As viewed in the axial direction of the crankshaft, the direction in which the reference line extends is referred to as first direction, and the direction perpendicular to the first direction is referred to as second direction. A distance between the shaft center of a first balancer shaft and the reference line as measured in the second direction is different from the distance between the shaft center of a second balancer shaft and the reference line as measured in the second direction, or a magnitude of a first unbalancing portion is different from a magnitude of the second unbalancing portion.

A spring structure includes a coil-shaped spring portion including multiple coil-shaped unit springs having a same inner diameter center axis, and alternately arranged at regular intervals such that a wire rod of one of the coil-shaped unit springs and a wire rod of a remaining one of the coil-shaped unit springs overlap each other; and a support portion having a non-spring structure, the support portion being connected with each of the coil-shaped unit springs and supporting the coil-shaped spring portion, thereby providing the support portion and the coil-shaped spring portion that are formed integrally with each other.

A shock absorber for a vehicle including a pressure tube, a piston rod, and a piston assembly. The piston assembly includes a first disc, a second disc, and a piston body. The piston body includes first and second surfaces and first and second fluid passages. The piston body further includes a first circumferential land surrounding the first fluid passage and a second circumferential land surrounding the second fluid passage. The first circumferential land is located a first distance from the first surface. The first disc is selectively driven into engagement with the first circumferential land. The second circumferential land is located a second distance from the first surface. The second circumferential land is between the first surface and the first circumferential land. The second disc includes a first portion in sealing engagement with the second circumferential land and a second portion spaced apart from the piston body.

Disclosed is a damping force variable valve assembly including: an integrated soft valve port having one end connected to a shock absorber, a connection passage with a working fluid flowing therethrough from the shock absorber, and a valve disk provided at a bottom surface of the integrated soft valve port to be in close contact therewith; a valve housing having a hollow cylindrical shape, and having an inner circumferential surface of a front end coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the integrated soft valve port; and a main valve part disposed underneath the integrated soft valve port in the valve housing.

A negative stiffness generating mechanism and a quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator are provided. A housing is mounted on a base, and the axial relative positions of the housing and the base can be adjusted; a negative stiffness unit comprises inner-ring magnets, outer-ring magnets and a supporting shaft, the supporting shaft axially slides on the base and passes through the housing, the inner-ring magnets fixedly sleeve the supporting shaft, and the outer-ring magnets sleeve outside the inner-ring magnets and are divided into upper and lower groups of outer-ring magnets; the upper and lower groups of outer-ring magnets can synchronously move through a negative stiffness adjusting device; and the axial relative positions of the middle planes of the outer-ring and inner-ring magnets can be adjusted by adjusting the axial relative positions of the housing and the base. The isolator comprises a negative stiffness generating mechanism and a positive stiffness unit.

A vibration absorber for securely fixing to the housing of a gearbox includes an absorber mass having a first group of segments that are rotationally symmetrical to one another with respect to a rotational axis and/or central axis of the gearbox. The segments can be rigidly connected to one another. The vibration absorber can further include connectors that are rigidly connected to two segments each.

A vibration damping device for reducing vibration of an elevator rope includes a displacement amplifier arranged around a region from a first portion of the elevator rope drawn and a second portion of the elevator rope drawn from an opposite side of one or more sheaves in parallel with the first portion. The displacement amplifier is configured to amplify a displacement of each of the first portion and the second portion of the elevator rope. The device also includes a limiting member that controls displacement amplification performed by the displacement amplifier such that the displacement of the first portion or the second portion amplified by the displacement amplifier does not become greater than a first displacement, which is a displacement of the elevator rope by which the elevator rope is not allowed to return to an equilibrium position of the vibration.

A vibration damper for a vehicle comprises a damper tube filled with hydraulic fluid, a working piston which is connected to a piston rod and which is arranged within the damper tube so as to be movable back and forth, wherein an interior of the damper tube is divided by the working piston into a first working chamber and a second working chamber, a rebound stop arrangement having an auxiliary piston, which concentrically surrounds the piston rod, and a sleeve-like rebound stop receptacle, which is mounted on the damper tube, for receiving the auxiliary piston in the rebound stage, wherein the auxiliary piston is mounted on the piston rod so as to be axially movable relative thereto, and the rebound stop arrangement has a spring element that is fastened to the auxiliary piston.

The present disclosure provides a damping structure. The damping structure includes two damping assemblies which are oppositely arranged, and a gap is formed between the two damping assemblies. An inner wall of the damping assembly is provided with a locating piece for locating, and an outer wall of the damping assembly is provided with damping surfaces which are in contact with a tube wall and are used for providing damping during relative movement. An elastic cavity is formed in the damping assembly, and the elastic cavities on the two damping assemblies are oppositely arranged. The damping structure also includes an elastic piece. Both sides of the elastic piece are provided with elastic arms bent into arcs. The two elastic arms are respectively arranged in two elastic cavities, and a plurality of positions on the elastic arm abut against support structures in the elastic cavity.

A spring end cap includes a base and a plurality of fingers. The base extends annularly about an axis and includes a planar side extending orthogonal to the axis. The plurality of fingers extend from the planar side and are spaced from each other about the axis. In some example embodiments, each finger extends axially away from the planar side. In an example embodiment, each finger includes an end spaced from the planar side. In an example embodiment, each finger includes a first outer surface and a second outer surface. The first outer surface is disposed between the second outer surface and the planar side and is arranged radially inside of the second outer surface. In an example embodiment, the spring end cap also includes a plurality of undercut portions each circumferentially aligned with one respective finger. Each undercut portion extends from the planar side to the one respective finger.