According to an embodiment, a coil spring includes a wire rod having an end and the other end. The wire rod of the coil spring includes, with regard to a section of the wire rod, a round section potion of an effective spring part, a square section portion in which the section is substantially square, and a taper portion. The square section portion includes an end turn part. A length of each side of the section of the square section portion is less than or equal to a square root of ½ multiplied by a diameter of the wire rod of the round section portion. In the taper portion, from the round section portion to the square section portion, the section changes from a round shape to substantially a square shape, and a sectional area is decreased.

A front fork for a vehicle comprises a telescopic fork leg having an outer tube and an inner tube telescopically arranged relative each other. A main piston arrangement in the inner tube regulates a damping fluid for damping movements between two parts of the vehicle. The telescopic fork leg comprises a pressurizing piston arranged in the inner tube and configured to pressurize the damping fluid. The pressurizing piston comprises an axial first end portion facing the main piston arrangement an axial opposite second end portion facing a pressurized volume. A fluid reservoir for holding a pressurized fluid is fluidly coupled to the pressurized volume. The pressurizing piston is coaxially arranged with the main piston arrangement, inside the inner tube. The fluid reservoir is at least partly arranged on an outside of the inner tube. Also, a front fork and a vehicle having fork legs according to above are described.

A zero-stiffness impact isolation device includes a shell, a half-hourglass-shaped boss, a sliding block, a spring, a motion guide assembly, and an inner core. Where the motion guide assembly includes a linear bearing fixed to the shell and the inner core and a corresponding sliding rod, and is divided into a transverse guide assembly and a longitudinal guide assembly. The spring is sleeved outside the sliding rod of the transverse motion guide assembly, and two ends of the spring are in contact with the sliding block and the inner core, respectively. When the device suffers from external impact load, the inner core and the separated object carry out a reciprocating motion, the sliding block is extruded by the half-hourglass-shaped boss to move side to side with respect to the inner core, and the spring provides elastic force to the sliding block in the process.

A gas cup for a damper assembly comprises a body including an upper surface, a lower surface, an exterior surface and an interior surface. The body defines an aperture extending through the upper surface and the lower surface. A decoupler is located in the aperture and secured to the body. A bridging member is located between the decoupler and the body and coupled to the decoupler and the body. The decoupler and the bridging member is made from materials having different elasticity to allow the decoupler to move in the aperture in response to a volumetric change in the damper assembly and to provide variable tuning of the damper assembly. A damper assembly including the gas cup is also disclosed herein.

A shock absorber includes a hollow cylinder body extending in an up-down direction, a rod pipe located on an axis of the cylinder body, provided to be relatively movable in an axial direction of the cylinder body with respect to the cylinder body, and provided in a form of receiving a force in the axial direction, a rod-shaped support body extending inside the rod pipe with an upper end fixed, a stroke sensor including a coil and a conductor provided to be able to detect relative displacement of the rod pipe with respect to the support body, and a hollow intermediate member provided between the inner peripheral surface of the rod pipe and the support body to allow movement in the axial direction.

This shock absorber includes a first damping force generation mechanism provided in a passage of a piston, and a second damping force generation mechanism provided in a piston rod. The second damping force generation mechanism includes a valve seat member, a sub-valve provided in the valve seat member, and a cap member covering one end side of the second damping force generation mechanism and at least a part of an outer circumference of the valve seat member. A communication passage is formed on one end side of the cap member. A biasing member provided so that one end surface side is in contact with an outer circumferential side of the cap member with respect to the communication passage, and a bendable flexible disc provided so that the other end surface side of the biasing member is in contact therewith.

A vibration damper comprising a working cylinder, which is subdivided by an axially movable piston on a piston rod into a first and a second working chamber filled with a damping medium is disclosed. The vibration damper has at least one compensating reservoir for receiving the damping medium displaced by the piston rod. There is a flow connection between the two working chambers, in which connection there is incorporated a pump assembly. The pump assembly has a fluctuation in the delivery volume with a constant power supply. At least one pulsation accumulator is arranged within the flow connection, wherein the volume and spring rate of the pulsation accumulator are matched to a frequency of a fluctuation of the delivery volume of the pump assembly.

The present disclosure provides an efficient vibration reduction and isolation base supported by a chained panel fluid bladder, including a chained panel, the vibration reduction fluid bladder, vertical limiting devices and a bottom plate. The chained panel is a discontinuous structure formed by connecting chained substructure panels in series by panel hinge devices. The vibration reduction fluid bladder and the vertical limiting devices are fixedly installed between the chained panel and the bottom plate. The chained panel is constructed based on the impedance mismatch principle and provided with a mechanical device. Mechanical vibration energy is dissipated twice by the chained panel and the vibration reduction fluid bladder, thereby greatly reducing influences of mechanical device operation on a hull structure. The present disclosure abandons a traditional base design of a continuous panel, is simple in structure and good in vibration reduction performance, and has good economy and wide application prospects.

A pedal force simulator device includes: a pressure piston actuatable by a brake pedal and axially moveably mounted in a housing; and at least two disk spring stacks connected in series, each disk spring stack having at least two disk springs, at least two of the disk spring stacks having different spring constants, and the disk spring stacks being situated in the housing between an end face of the pressure piston and an axial stop of the housing. At least one of the disk spring stacks includes an axial receiving recess, in which a spring element, which can be elastically deformed by the pressure piston, is situated, one end of the spring element being supported on the pressure piston and the other end being supported on one of the disk spring stacks.

A hydraulic damper assembly comprises a housing extending between a first end and a second end. A main piston is slidably disposed in the fluid chamber dividing the fluid chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber. A piston rod extends along a center axis and attaches to the main piston. An additional piston is coupled to the piston rod and axially spaced from the main piston. The additional piston includes a main body defining a compression channel and a rebound channel that allow fluid to flow through the additional piston. A securing member secures the additional piston to the piston rod and defines an outer groove. A piston ring is located in the outer groove between the additional piston and the securing member. The piston ring is radially spaced from the securing member to allow the piston ring to be in engagement with the housing.