A solenoid includes: a coil; a first fixed iron core disposed on an axial first-end side of the coil; a second fixed iron core disposed on an axial second-end side of the coil with a gap from the first fixed iron core; a tubular first movable iron core disposed between the first fixed iron core and the second fixed iron core: a second movable iron core having a tubular shape with a bottom, slidably inserted into the first movable iron core, disposed between the first fixed iron core and the second fixed iron core with a bottom portion facing the second fixed iron core; and a spring interposed between the first movable iron core and the first fixed iron core, and pressing the first movable iron core to the second fixed iron core side.

The disclosure provides a buffer bracket, which comprises a base, a moving part, an elastic buffer and a positioning pin. The base is provided with a group of holes, which comprises a plurality of positioning holes arranged in sequence along the first direction. The moving part is movably fitted to the base along the first direction. The elastic buffer is elastically compressed between the base and the moving part. The locating pin is installed on the moving part. When the moving part moves forward in the first direction relative to the base under external force, the positioning pin is restricted to a certain positioning hole. The beneficial effect of the disclosure is that it can absorb impact energy and avoid rebound.

A system and method include with a mass damper for reducing vibrations in a structure or machine. The mass damper includes a frame that is movable linearly along a base, which includes a track gear. A flywheel is in geared engagement with the track gear so as to be rotationally driven as the frame moves linearly relative to the base. A rotation damper is mounted on the frame and is geared engagement with the flywheel, the rotation damper producing a counter-torque against rotation of the flywheel that is proportional to a rotational velocity of the flywheel. The rotation damper has an electrical characteristic that is automatically adjusted to change the counter-torque and tune the mass damper.

A damping valve includes a valve seat member, a first valve element stacked on the valve seat member, a second valve element provided between an inner circumference valve seat of the valve seat member and the first valve element, the second valve element being configured to open and close a hole of the first valve element, and a biasing member configured to bias the first valve element towards the second valve element, wherein a surface of the second valve element on an opposite side from the valve seat member is higher than the outer circumference valve seat of the valve seat member.

A vibration damper for a motor vehicle includes an outer tube and an inner tube arranged coaxially within the outer tube. A guide unit closes the outer tube and the inner tube in each case at a first end. A bottom unit has a bottom valve. The bottom unit is arranged at a second end of the inner tube. The outer tube and the inner tube are deformed plastically, such that the guide unit is connected in a positively locking manner to the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube being deformed plastically, such that the bottom unit is connected in a positively locking manner to the inner tube, and/or the outer tube and the inner tube is connected in an integrally joined manner to the guide unit, and the inner tube being connected in an integrally joined manner to the bottom unit.

Coatings that can be used on limited line of sight substrates are described. In some embodiments, the coating may be a metal alloy coating applied to an inner surface of an article such as a rod, tube or pipe. The inner surface can be present within a cavity of an article.

Shock absorbers that include a piston member configured to contact a functional fluid during movement of the piston member are described. The piston member can include a coating on a surface of the piston member. The coating can include a metal or metal alloy such as, for example, molybdenum or tungsten in combination with one or more other materials.

A head unit system for controlling motion of an object includes a secondary object sensor, shear thickening fluid (STF), and a chamber configured to contain a portion of the STF. The chamber further includes a front channel and a back channel. The head unit system further includes a piston housed at least partially radially within the piston compartment and separating the back channel and the front channel. The piston includes a first piston bypass and a second piston bypasses to control flow of the STF between opposite sides of the piston. The chamber further includes a set of fluid flow sensors and a set of fluid manipulation emitters to control the flow of the STF to cause selection of one of a variety of shear rates for the STF within the chamber.

A shock absorber having a metal damper tube and base assembly is provided. The base assembly, which includes a composite mounting attachment made of a composite material, such as a recyclable thermoplastic, is fixed to an external surface of the metal damper tube, which may be a finished product. A cavity in the composite mounting attachment houses at least a portion of the metal damper tube and thus defines an overlapping region where the composite mounting attachment and the metal damper tube are co-extensive with each other. One or more windows are provided in the overlapping region of the composite mounting attachment where the metal damper tube is left exposed. This helps to promote heat dissipation away from the metal damper tube while reducing weight and heat transmission from the metal damper tube to the composite mounting attachment to reduce overheating of the composite material.

A damping force generating mechanism includes: a flow passage formation part that forms a flow passage through which a liquid flows; and a valve that is configured to control a flow of the liquid in the flow passage. The flow passage formation part includes a first seat part that is provided radially outward of a flow passage port of the flow passage, protrudes from the flow passage port and contacts the valve, a second seat part that is provided radially outward of the first seat part, protrudes from the flow passage port and contacts the valve, and a circulation part having an orifice that allows the liquid to flow from the flow passage port toward the second seat part in a state in which the valve is in contact with the first seat part.