An adapter assembly for operably connecting an end effector to a surgical instrument. The adapter assembly includes a first proximal shaft, a second proximal shaft, a first distal shaft, and a second distal shaft. The first proximal shaft includes a first gear assembly. The second proximal shaft defines a longitudinal axis and includes a second gear assembly. The first distal shaft is disposed along the longitudinal axis and includes a third gear assembly. The first gear assembly is mechanically engaged with the third gear assembly. The second distal shaft includes a fourth gear assembly. The second gear assembly is mechanically engaged with the fourth gear assembly. A distal portion of the second distal shaft is disposed at least partially within an internal cavity of the third gear assembly.

A deployment mechanism for selectively deploying and retracting an energizable member and/an insulative member relative to an end effector assembly of a surgical instrument includes one or more actuators, a clutch assembly, and a drive assembly. The clutch assembly is configured to couple to the actuator(s) to provide rotational motion in the first direction in response to such rotation of the actuator(s) and to decouple from the actuator(s) in response to rotation thereof in the second direction. The drive assembly is operably coupled to the clutch assembly and is configured to convert the rotational motion provided by the clutch assembly into longitudinal motion to translate the energizable member and/or insulative member from a storage position to a deployed position and to translate the energizable member and/or the insulative member from the deployed position back to the storage position.

A deployment mechanism for selectively deploying and retracting an energizable member and/an insulative member relative to an end effector assembly of a surgical instrument includes one or more actuators, a clutch assembly, and a drive assembly. The clutch assembly is configured to couple to the actuator(s) to provide rotational motion in the first direction in response to such rotation of the actuator(s) and to decouple from the actuator(s) in response to rotation thereof in the second direction. The drive assembly is operably coupled to the clutch assembly and is configured to convert the rotational motion provided by the clutch assembly into longitudinal motion to translate the energizable member and/or insulative member from a storage position to a deployed position and to translate the energizable member and/or the insulative member from the deployed position back to the storage position.

An aircraft flight control system includes a first actuator attached to a wing main body, a horn arm configured to transmit an output of the first actuator to a control surface, and a second actuator that is a rotary actuator and attached to the control surface. At least one of the first actuator and the second actuator is an electromechanical actuator (EMA). A first end of the horn arm is coupled to an output terminal of the first actuator, and a second end of the horn arm is fixed to an output terminal of the second actuator. The second actuator is attached to the control surface such that a turning axis of the output terminal is parallel to or coincides with a fulcrum axis (hinge line) of the control surface.

A purpose is to prevent a first connection piece string from colliding against a second connection piece string in a robot arm mechanism including a linear extension and retraction joint. In the robot arm mechanism having the linear extension and retraction joint, the linear extension and retraction joint includes an arm section, and an ejection section for supporting the arm section, the arm section includes a first connection piece string 21 made by a plurality of first connection pieces, and a second connection piece string made by a plurality of second connection pieces, the second connection piece string is sent out forward from the ejection section together with the first connection piece string in a state where the second connection piece string is joined to the first connection piece string, and a flexible guide rail for separating the first connection piece string from the second connection piece string and guiding the second connection piece string to the ejection section is interposed between the first connection piece string and the second connection piece string behind the ejection section.

A linear extension and retraction mechanism includes a first connection piece string including a plurality of first connection pieces; a second connection piece string including a plurality of second connection pieces; a linear gear consisted of a plurality of teeth and provided on a back face of each of the first connection piece;

an ejection section adapted to support a columnar body formed by joining together the first and second connection piece strings and; and a drive gear adapted to be meshed with the linear gears, wherein gear-end teeth located adjacent to each other across a junction between adjacent first connection piece string are provided in such a way as not to overlap each other when viewed along a center axis of the columnar body.

According to embodiments, there may be provided a rack-driven steering device, comprising a ball nut coupled with a ball screw via balls and rotating to slide the ball screw, a ball nut gear provided on an outer circumferential surface of the ball nut, a motor gear provided on a shaft of a motor providing driving force to the ball nut and disposed in parallel with the ball screw, and a middle gear coupled between the ball nut gear and the motor gear and transferring the driving force from the motor.

According to embodiments, there may be provided a rack-driven steering device, comprising a ball nut coupled with a ball screw via balls and rotating to slide the ball screw, a ball nut gear provided on an outer circumferential surface of the ball nut, a motor gear provided on a shaft of a motor providing driving force to the ball nut and disposed in parallel with the ball screw, and a middle gear coupled between the ball nut gear and the motor gear and transferring the driving force from the motor.

The present disclosure involves a belt drive mechanism which can be used to pay out or draw belt to or from a belt actuated system (or belt driven system). The mechanism features a self-winding spool which can automatically wind or unwind portions of the belt as they are withdrawn from, or fed to the belt actuated system. A second rotational axle (idler shaft), with one or more sheaves (e.g., pulley's or rollers) can be rotationally coupled to a capstan via a belt, and can be utilized to drive additional mechanisms in the belt drive mechanism, such as a winding mechanism.

The disclosure provides apparatuses, systems, and methods for belt driven linear actuator systems.