A system and method are presented that measure the temperature of a component in a continuously variable transmission (CVT) system. An infrared temperature sensor is mounted in a thermally insulating sensor housing such that the sensor is located within the interior of a CVT housing and aimed at the component. The component can be a belt in the CVT system or a stationary sheave in one of the two clutches of the CVT system. The sensor housing can have a cup and a stem with the sensor being positioned within that portion of the sensor housing positioned within the interior of the CVT housing. When the stem is in the interior of the CVT housing, a nut can be used to secure the sensor housing to the CVT housing while protecting the infrared sensor from damage. An air temperature sensor in the exhaust port can provide supplemental temperature readings.

An individual chain wheel for a bicycle front crank arrangement for engaging in a drive chain includes a plurality of teeth formed on a circumference of the chain wheel and having a first and a second group of teeth. The teeth of the second group of teeth are arranged in an alternating manner between the teeth of the first group of teeth. Each tooth has a load flank via which force is transmitted between an adjacent roller of the drive chain and the respective tooth. Each tooth of the first group may also have at least one profile with an opening in the vicinity of the flank, in which a portion of an inner link plate of the drive chain, which portion protrudes beyond the roller, engages.

An individual chain wheel for a bicycle front crank arrangement for engaging in a drive chain includes a plurality of teeth formed on a circumference of the chain wheel and having a first and a second group of teeth. The teeth of the second group of teeth are arranged in an alternating manner between the teeth of the first group of teeth. Each tooth has a load flank via which force is transmitted between an adjacent roller of the drive chain and the respective tooth. Each tooth of the first group may also have at least one profile with an opening in the vicinity of the flank, in which a portion of an inner link plate of the drive chain, which portion protrudes beyond the roller, engages.

An effective chain-type CVT dynamic analysis method according to the present invention is capable of extracting stiffness data and deformation amount for each position from the pulley configuring in a flexible body and inputting into the pulley of the continuously variable transmission (CVT) system configuring in a rigid body to quickly and accurately calculate the deformation of the pulley due to contact with the pins of the chain.

An effective chain-type CVT dynamic analysis method according to the present invention is capable of extracting stiffness data and deformation amount for each position from the pulley configuring in a flexible body and inputting into the pulley of the continuously variable transmission (CVT) system configuring in a rigid body to quickly and accurately calculate the deformation of the pulley due to contact with the pins of the chain.

Embodiments disclosed herein may include methods, systems, and tangible, non-transient, computer-readable media having instructions thereupon for determining a damage state of a wind turbine gearbox. A method performed, executed on a processor of a system, or implemented by a processor as instructions, may comprise producing a damage state diagnostic, producing a damage progression model for the wind turbine gearbox using operational data and a state transition function, and combining the damage state diagnostic with the damage progression model using a hybrid prognostics model to produce a probability distribution of a current damage state estimate. Producing the damage state diagnostic may comprise obtaining a measurement dataset for the wind turbine gearbox, integrating field-operator-provided intelligence into the measurement dataset, normalizing the measurement dataset with respect to a known failure behavior for the wind turbine gearbox, and combining the normalized measurement dataset with the known failure behavior to produce the damage state diagnostic.

Embodiments disclosed herein may include methods, systems, and tangible, non-transient, computer-readable media having instructions thereupon for determining a damage state of a wind turbine gearbox. A method performed, executed on a processor of a system, or implemented by a processor as instructions, may comprise producing a damage state diagnostic, producing a damage progression model for the wind turbine gearbox using operational data and a state transition function, and combining the damage state diagnostic with the damage progression model using a hybrid prognostics model to produce a probability distribution of a current damage state estimate. Producing the damage state diagnostic may comprise obtaining a measurement dataset for the wind turbine gearbox, integrating field-operator-provided intelligence into the measurement dataset, normalizing the measurement dataset with respect to a known failure behavior for the wind turbine gearbox, and combining the normalized measurement dataset with the known failure behavior to produce the damage state diagnostic.

A gearbox monitoring system can include a fan, compressor, combustor, and turbine in axial flow arrangement, with corresponding rotating components mounted to a shaft, and a gearbox assembly operably coupled to the shaft and connecting the turbine and the fan. The gearbox assembly can include a carrier, a sun gear, at least one planet gear, and a ring gear. An oil feed tube is coupled to the gearbox for lubricating at least one of the sun, ring or planet gears. One or more bearings rotationally supports at least one of the sun gear, ring gear, or planet gear relative to the carrier. In addition, at least one vibration sensor is part of the gearbox monitoring system.

A gearbox monitoring system can include a fan, compressor, combustor, and turbine in axial flow arrangement, with corresponding rotating components mounted to a shaft, and a gearbox assembly operably coupled to the shaft and connecting the turbine and the fan. The gearbox assembly can include a carrier, a sun gear, at least one planet gear, and a ring gear. An oil feed tube is coupled to the gearbox for lubricating at least one of the sun, ring or planet gears. One or more bearings rotationally supports at least one of the sun gear, ring gear, or planet gear relative to the carrier. In addition, at least one vibration sensor is part of the gearbox monitoring system.

Systems, methods and apparatuses of predictive maintenance of automotive transmission of vehicles. For example, the transmission has at least one sensor to measure a temperature in transmission fluid, the torque applied on a shaft of the transmission, a vibration sensor, and/or a microphone. During a period in which the vehicle is assumed to be operating normally, the sensor data generated by the transmission sensor(s) is used to train an artificial neural network to recognize the normal patterns in the sensor data. Subsequently, the trained artificial neural network is used to determine whether the current sensor data from the transmission sensor(s) are abnormal. A maintenance alert can be generated for the vehicle in response to a determination that the operations of the transmission are abnormal according to the artificial neural network and the current sensor data.