A system of reducing the spread of wildfires is provided. The system includes a fire retardant delivery system comprising one or more reservoirs containing a fluid under pressure and one or more distribution devices in fluidic communication with a single reservoir. One or more sensors for sensing characteristics of a fire may be configured in operable communication with the reservoirs and/or the distribution devices, such that upon direction from the sensors the fluid can be delivered to ambient surroundings. In addition, the system may include one or more conduits between the reservoir of fluid and the distribution devices, such that the conduits can elevate the distribution devices above surrounding buildings and vegetation to provide that the fluid is distributed about the reservoir without the surrounding building or vegetation interfering therewith.

Methods of and systems for spraying a defensive path around vulnerable neighborhoods out in front of wild fires to make sure that an environmentally-safe fire break, created by the spray application of anti-fire (AF) liquid, defends homes from the destructive forces of raging wild fires. The methods include spraying homes with environmentally-clean anti-fire (AF) chemical liquid, in advance of wild fires. The preferred anti-fire chemical liquid used does not depend on water to extinguish fire, so that, even after a month or two after spray application on dry brush around the neighborhood, the anti-fire chemical continues to work by stalling the ability of a fire to advance and consume homes.

An automated and remotely-controllable wildfire ember misting-type suppression system and method that employs an electronic wildfire ember detection device using infra-red (IR) and other thermal-imaging sensors, and relative humidity sensors, to automatically detect the presence of a wildfire in the vicinity of the wood-framed building and automatically generate a cloud of wildfire ember suppressing mist consisting of microscopic droplets of clean anti-fire (AF) liquid that (i) instantly evaporates into vapor when contacting a flying wildfire ember and (ii) breaks and/or interferes with free-radical chemical reactions supported on the surface of each combusting wildfire ember flying in the wildfire storm moving about the wood-framed building.

A method of and apparatus for making and applying a clean fire and smoke inhibiting slurry composition containing clean fire inhibiting chemicals, and cellulose or wood fiber, mixed with water and other additives, on surfaces including ground surfaces in advance of wild fire, to blanket grounds from wildfire ignition, and also application over smoldering ambers and ashes to prevent re-ignition while reducing (i) the use of significant amounts of water, (ii) the production of toxic run off water, and (iii) toxic smoke.

Tools for fire monitoring are presented. One method includes an operation for accessing values of features for monitoring a fire in a region. The features include satellite images at a first resolution, vegetation information, and weather data. Further, each satellite image includes first cells associated with the geographical region and the first resolution defines a first size of each first cell. The method further includes generating a map of the geographical region comprising a plurality of second cells having a second size, which is smaller than the first size. Additionally, the method includes operations for estimating, using a machine-learning model, probability values for the second cells in the map based on the features, each probability value indicating if the second cell contains an active fire, and for updating the map based on the probability values for the second cells. The map is presented in a user interface.

A system for forming and maintaining GPS tracked and mapped environmentally-clean chemical-based fire protection zones formed over property and ground surfaces in and about a neighborhood of homes, that proactively inhibit fire ignition and flame spread when exposed to wild fire. The system includes a GPS-tracking anti-fire (AF) liquid spraying system wirelessly connected to a wireless communication network supporting a network database. The GPS-tracked anti-fire liquid spraying system is used to spray particular GPS-specified ground surfaces in and about the neighborhood, with an environmentally-clean anti-fire chemical liquid so to form environmentally-clean chemical fire protection zones over the GPS-specified property surfaces, while generating GPS-coordinate and time/date stamped data records pertaining to the application of the environmentally-clean anti-fire chemical liquid spray during the formation of the environmentally-clean chemical fire protection zones. The GPS-coordinate and time/date stamped data records are transmitted over the wireless communication network for storage in the network database. A mobile computing system is used to access the GPS-coordinate and time/date stamped data records from the network database, relating to the formation of the GPS-specified environmentally-clean chemical fire protection zones, so as to verify that the GPS-specified environmentally-clean chemical fire protection zones were formed at the GPS-specified property surfaces on the particular date, to proactively inhibit fire ignition and flame spread when exposed to wild fire.

A ground-based vehicle for making and applying a fire and smoke inhibiting slurry composition on ground surfaces before the arrival of wildfire so as to proactively form a strategic chemical-type wildfire break on the ground surfaces. The vehicle includes: a mobile spray vehicle navigable along a ground surface; a mixing tank with an integrated agitator mechanism mounted on the mobile spray vehicle, for blending mulch fibers including wood and/or cellulose fibers, with clean fire inhibiting chemicals (CFIC), using a wetting agent, and then mixing with a quantity of water to make up a fire and smoke inhibiting slurry mixture, so that the clean fire inhibiting chemicals infuse into the surface of the mulch fibers when being mixed within said mixing tank; a GPS-tracking hydraulic spraying system supported on the mobile spray vehicle to hydraulically spray the fire and smoke inhibiting slurry mixture on the ground surface so as to form a strategic chemical-type wildfire break. A network database is deployed on a wireless system network for documenting the formation of the strategic chemical-type wildfire break on said ground surface, by storing, as database records, GPS coordinates and time/date stamping data associated with the strategic chemical-type wildfire break and generated by the GPS-tracking hydraulic spraying system, and wirelessly transmitted to said network database for storage and future access on the wireless system network.

Disclosed are a three-dimensional wildfire monitoring and control system and method for a power transmission corridor. The system includes: a wildfire-induced trip risk assessment module, for assessing, when a wildfire is detected in a power transmission corridor, a wildfire-induced trip risk in real time so as to determine whether to issue a wildfire warning; an online wildfire monitoring device layout planning module, for generating an online wildfire monitoring device layout plan for transmission lines based on the wildfire-induced trip risk, a blind spot of satellite monitoring and importance levels of the transmission lines; and a three-dimensional power transmission corridor wildfire monitoring and warning module, adopting multi-source satellites and drones, and realizing three-dimensional wildfire monitoring of the power transmission corridor by monitoring through online wildfire monitoring devices provided according to the layout plan, the multi-source satellites and the drones.

A wildfire cone of confidence simulation system and processes is disclosed. Methodical application of the hurricane cone of confidence applied to wildfire simulations involves applying a methodology that has been utilized in the hurricane disaster space since the 1950s, to the current wildfire predictive modeling problem. As wildfires become larger and move more quickly the public requires notifications that are consumable and actionable.

A heat transfer sensor includes a support body, a first thermocouple probe, a second thermocouple probe, and a third thermocouple probe. Each thermocouple probe is mounted to the support body and includes a hollow cylinder, a thermocouple, and an insulator. The thermocouple is mounted to an interior of the associated hollow cylinder and is configured to generate a first voltage based on a temperature of the associated hollow cylinder. The insulator is mounted between the associated hollow cylinder and the top wall. The first hollow cylinder has an emissivity 0.25. The second hollow cylinder has an emissivity 0.75. The third thermocouple probe has an emissivity that is >0.25 and <0.75 or measures a temperature of an environment surrounding the support body. A convective heat transfer and an incident radiation are computed using the first and second voltage and either the third voltage or the air temperature.