An embodiment for predicting and mitigating forest fires based on low earth orbit (LEO) satellites is provided. The embodiment may include receiving historical LEO satellite images of a forested region. The embodiment may also include identifying a geographical area and a boundary of the geographical area. The embodiment may further include identifying a time range of a fire season in the geographical area. The embodiment may also include in response to determining at least one LEO satellite is not positioned within the boundary of the geographical area during the time range, adapting a location of the at least one LEO satellite to be within the boundary during the time range. The embodiment may further include capturing live LEO satellite images of inflammable material in the geographical area. The embodiment may also include identifying a range of changes in the inflammable material.

Method and apparatus for environment protection (climate change) from toxic elements and subsidence by existing underground coal seam fires by expansion termination of these fires. The method is based on creating, on the path of or around a burning coal seam fire, a subterranean void-barrier, with non-combustible gases (or fluids) and absence of oxidiser. The void-barrier may be substantially free from combustible material. The void-barrier will prevent further expansion of the existing coal seam fire, and may be created by known methods of coal extraction in gasified form, such as Underground Coal Gasification (USG). By-products from void-barrier creation can be utilized to reduce environmental pollution and for production of useful commercial entities such as gas or liquid fuels like: petrol, diesel, jet fuel, avgas, paraffin or electrical power generation and/or chemicals like CO.sub.2 for enrichment of coal or which may be sold.

The flame-retardants of this invention were formed by the direct reaction of ethyleneamines and commercial polyphosphoric acid at an elevated temperature. It was unexpected that a high temperature had to be used to overcome reaction barrier to formation. These compounds are found to be efficient flame retardants.

A ground-based vehicle for making and applying a fire and smoke inhibiting slurry composition on ground surfaces before the arrival of wildfire so as to proactively form a strategic chemical-type wildfire break on the ground surfaces. The vehicle includes: a mobile spray vehicle navigable along a ground surface; a mixing tank with an integrated agitator mechanism mounted on the mobile spray vehicle, for blending mulch fibers including wood and/or cellulose fibers, with clean fire inhibiting chemicals (CFIC), using a wetting agent, and then mixing with a quantity of water to make up a fire and smoke inhibiting slurry mixture, so that the clean fire inhibiting chemicals infuse into the surface of the mulch fibers when being mixed within said mixing tank; a GPS-tracking hydraulic spraying system supported on the mobile spray vehicle to hydraulically spray the fire and smoke inhibiting slurry mixture on the ground surface so as to form a strategic chemical-type wildfire break. A network database is deployed on a wireless system network for documenting the formation of the strategic chemical-type wildfire break on said ground surface, by storing, as database records, GPS coordinates and time/date stamping data associated with the strategic chemical-type wildfire break and generated by the GPS-tracking hydraulic spraying system, and wirelessly transmitted to said network database for storage and future access on the wireless system network.

Method and apparatus for environment protection (climate change) from toxic elements and subsidence by existing underground coal seam fires by expansion termination of these fires. The method is based on creating, on the path of or around a burning coal seam fire, a subterranean void-barrier, with non-combustible gases (or fluids) and absence of oxidiser. The void-barrier may be substantially free from combustible material. The void-barrier will prevent further expansion of the existing coal seam fire, and may be created by known methods of coal extraction in gasified form, such as Underground Coal Gasification (USG). By-products from void-barrier creation can be utilized to reduce environmental pollution and for production of useful commercial entities such as gas or liquid fuels like: petrol, diesel, jet fuel, avgas, paraffin or electrical power generation and/or chemicals like CO.sub.2 for enrichment of coal or which may be sold.

A method for fighting forest fires and/or wildfires is disclosed herein. The method comprising the steps of: airlifting equipment and operators to a location of a fire; establishing one or more fire lines and one or more work areas at the location of the fire; cutting down the vegetation along the one or more fire lines by using a first subset of the equipment; transporting the cut vegetation to a selected one of the one or more work areas using a second subset of the equipment; processing and/or storing the cut vegetation in the one or more work areas prior to the cut vegetation being transported off-site for use; and transporting the cut vegetation from the one or more work areas to one or more off-site locations so that the cut vegetation is able to be used by consumers for a variety of different applications.

A fire specifying unit is configured to specify a fire area in which a forest fire has occurred. An area determination unit is configured to determine a work area that is located outside a first range including the fire area and that has a predetermined width. A felling instruction unit is configured to instruct a forestry machine to fell a tree in the work area.

Provided is a technology of preventing an increase in size of a treatment plant, which may be caused when a safety clearance for the prevention of spread of a fire is set, and restraining an increase in designed fire-extinguishing water usage. A treatment plant for handling a flammable liquid includes: an equipment placement region in which a plurality of equipments configured to handle the flammable fluid are placed, the equipment placement region being divided into four or more firewater supply sections. A plurality of fire-extinguishing water supply facilities are provided to the firewater supply sections, respectively, the fire-extinguishing water supply facilities each being capable of, when a fire occurs in the firewater supply sections, simultaneously supplying fire-extinguishing water to a fire-occurrence section and an adjacent section.

An apparatus for a bulldozer that makes the process of controlling wildfires safer and more effective. The apparatus includes a large capacity water tank that can be mounted to the rear of the bulldozer using a frame. A pump can draw water from the water tank and pump the water at a very high pressure. One or more hose reels can also be provided. Strategically positioned sprinklers can spray water over the nearby surroundings, such as the Fireline made by the dozer.

A ground-based vehicle for making and spraying a fire and smoke inhibiting slurry composition over a burning fire on a combustible surface so as to suppress the burning fire. The ground-based vehicle includes a mobile spray vehicle navigable along a ground surface; a mixing tank with an integrated agitator mechanism mounted on the mobile spray vehicle, for blending mulch fibers including wood and/or cellulose fibers, with clean fire inhibiting chemicals (CFIC), using a wetting agent, and then mixing with a quantity of water to make up a fire and smoke inhibiting slurry mixture, so that the clean fire inhibiting chemicals infuse into the surface of the mulch fibers when being mixed within the mixing tank; a GPS-tracking hydraulic spraying system supported on the mobile spray vehicle to hydraulically spray the fire and smoke inhibiting slurry mixture on the combustible surfaces; and a network database, deployed on a wireless system network, for documenting the spraying operations on the combustible surface, by storing, as database records, GPS coordinates and time/date stamping data associated with the spraying operations and generated by the GPS-tracking hydraulic spraying system, and wirelessly transmitted to the network database for storage and future access on the wireless system network. One or more mobile computing systems deployed on the wireless system network, for providing authorized stakeholders access to database records stored in the network database to verify the spraying operations. Once the fire and smoke inhibiting slurry mixture is sprayed over the burning fire, the CFIC-infused chemicals within said mulch fibers work to suppress the burning fire.