A flame mitigation device configured to be located proximate a main container opening of a fuel container having a fuel-receiving chamber, with the main container opening permitting liquid fuel to flow into and out of the fuel-receiving chamber. The flame mitigation device comprises a sidewall defining a plurality of perforations through which the liquid fuel can flow to dispense such liquid fuel from the fuel-receiving chamber when the flame mitigation device is installed within the fuel container. At least a portion of the perforations defined in the sidewall are downwardly sloping perforations, with the downward angle of the downwardly sloping perforations being at least 1 degree below horizontal. And at least 20 percent of the total open area defined by all of said perforations is attributable to downwardly sloping perforations.

Fixed systems and method for extinguishing large scale industrial tank fires, with and without fixed roofs, and featuring aerated foam projecting nozzles and including fixed center directed nozzles.

Methods and apparatus for launch and recovery of a remote inspection device within a liquid storage tank. In one embodiment, the tank is accessed by opening an entrance hatch and then injecting a vapor suppression foam across a surface of a stored liquid mass to form a foam layer. A launching system having a remote inspection device is attached to the entrance hatch to define a launch and recovery space sealed from an external environment and isolated from the stored liquid mass in the tank via a valve and the foam layer. The launch and recovery space is purged of hazardous vapors by injection of an inert gas prior to launch and recovery of the remote inspection device. Prior to removal of the launching system, the surface of the stored liquid mass is re-coated with vapor suppression foam.

An inerting system for a fuel tank containing a liquid fuel and an ullage gas. The inerting system includes a fluid circuit connectable to the fuel tank, an evaporator connected in the circuit, and a reactor connected in the circuit downstream of the evaporator. The evaporator receives a flow of the liquid fuel from the fuel tank and volatilizes at least a portion of the liquid fuel to thereby form a volatilized fuel vapor. The evaporator also receives a flow of the ullage gas from the fuel tank, and permits the ullage gas to sweep away the volatilized fuel vapor downstream with the ullage gas to thereby form a fuel enriched gas mixture containing the ullage gas and the volatilized fuel vapor. The reactor converts at least some of the fuel enriched gas mixture into a non-flammable gas. The circuit supplies at least some of the non-flammable gas to the fuel tank.

The invention includes components and methodology for fixed and semi-fixed systems for extinguishing fire in large industrial flammable liquid storage tanks, including aerated foam projecting nozzles discharging substantially focused streams together with aeration chambers and risers and the formation of wand heads and wands. Specifically, the invention includes a nozzle having a tip portion, the tip portion having a stream shaper, and the stream shaper having at least four fins with a longitudinal dimension in the tip portion greater than a radial dimension in the tip portion.

There is provided a safety device for aircraft, that prevents an explosion of a fuel tank storing aviation fuel, the safety device including: a flame arrester that is arranged near an end of a ventilation passage on an aircraft outer side, as a part of the ventilation passage allowing the inside of the fuel tank and an outside of the aircraft to communicate with each other, to prevent a flame propagation into the fuel tank from the outside of the aircraft through the ventilation passage; and a heat transfer reducing part that is arranged closer to the outside of the aircraft than the flame arrester to prevent heat transfer to the fuel in the fuel tank from the flame.

Fixed systems and method for extinguishing large scale industrial tank fires, with and without fixed roofs, and featuring aerated foam projecting nozzles and including fixed center directed nozzles.

A collapsible cooking oil fire extinguishing device having a shaft with two rigid support arms for support of a fire resistant material. An automatic locking mechanism with a manual pivot mechanism enables changing the device between a collapsed storage position and an expanded usage position. The rigid support arms extend only partially around the perimeter of the fire resistant material, which enables the fire resistant material to tightly cover a cooking oil fire in a vessel with a handle. The pivot mechanism, automatic locking means, and rigid support arms allow the user to exert downward pressure on the burning vessel, thereby creating an airtight seal, cutting off the supply of oxygen and extinguishing the fire. The spring in the automatic locking mechanism is not under compression in the storage position, which increases reliability and prevents malfunction during long periods of time in the storage position.

Ignition-quenching systems comprise an ignition-quenching cover configured to quench an ignition event in a combustible environment triggered by an ignition source associated with a fastener stack. The ignition-quenching cover comprises a porous body that is gas permeable and that has pores sized to quench ignition in the combustible environment. The ignition-quenching cover further comprises a cover attachment feature configured to mate with a fastener attachment feature of the fastener stack. The ignition-quenching cover is configured to cover the fastener stack, which may be associated with a potential ignition source that produces an ignition event in the combustible environment. The porous body may include one or more porous elements that may be formed of various polymeric, mesh, or fabric materials. The ignition-quenching cover may comprise a non-porous frame that is bonded to the porous body and that defines the cover attachment feature.

A gas inerting system employs a carbon dioxide separation unit to remove carbon dioxide and water from an oxygen depleted gas stream generated from a catalytic oxidation unit and subsequently provides a nitrogen rich inerting gas to a fuel tank and/or to a cargo hold. A method of producing an inert gas passes an oxygen depleted gas stream from a catalytic oxidation unit through a carbon dioxide separation unit and provides a nitrogen rich inerting gas for fuel tank inerting and/or cargo hold fire suppression.