A petroleum pipeline safety system for preventing contamination of an environmentally sensitive area close to a pipeline includes an upstream portion of the pipeline supplying a flow of fluid material, a crossing portion of the pipeline receiving the flow of fluid material from the upstream portion and conveying the flow of fluid material through the environmentally sensitive area to a downstream portion of the pipeline, the downstream portion, a pipeline pressure activated valve selectively capable of blocking the flow of fluid material from entering the crossing portion based upon a change in pressure within the crossing portion, and a fluid capacitor connected to the upstream portion configured to filter out a pressure spike in the upstream portion associated with the valve blocking the flow of fluid material.

A switching valve having a valve seat with a longitudinal axis (L) and having a valve plate with a valve plate surface which can be placed into a pass-through position, in which the switching valve is open, and into a closed position, in which the switching valve is closed and the valve plate bears with the valve plate surface, in a contact region, against the valve seat, wherein the valve plate has a modulus of elasticity of at least 1000 N/mm.sup.2, which switching valve is characterized in that the valve plate, in the closed position, is deformed by a closing force acting thereon, in such a way that the contact region of the valve plate surface in the closed position forms an angle α, which differs from 0°, with the contact region of the valve plate surface in the pass-through position.

A switching valve having a valve seat with a longitudinal axis (L) and having a valve plate with a valve plate surface which can be placed into a pass-through position, in which the switching valve is open, and into a closed position, in which the switching valve is closed and the valve plate bears with the valve plate surface, in a contact region, against the valve seat, wherein the valve plate has a modulus of elasticity of at least 1000 N/mm.sup.2, which switching valve is characterized in that the valve plate, in the closed position, is deformed by a closing force acting thereon, in such a way that the contact region of the valve plate surface in the closed position forms an angle α, which differs from 0°, with the contact region of the valve plate surface in the pass-through position.

A flow restrictor for use on a pilot operated relief valve (PORV) assembly with a pilot valve that regulates operation of a main valve to reduce pressure in a system or vessel. In one embodiment, the flow restrictor is configured with a plurality of flow modifying regions, namely, a first region and a second region that is spaced apart from the first region. These regions are configured to generate flow at the outlet of the flow restrictor that induces operation of the pilot valve that is favorable for operation of the main valve. In one example, the first region and the second region define, respectively, a first flow area and a second flow area for the flow pathway, wherein each are configured to assign a ratio of the second flow area to the first flow area with a value of less than 10.

A flow restrictor for use on a pilot operated relief valve (PORV) assembly with a pilot valve that regulates operation of a main valve to reduce pressure in a system or vessel. In one embodiment, the flow restrictor is configured with a plurality of flow modifying regions, namely, a first region and a second region that is spaced apart from the first region. These regions are configured to generate flow at the outlet of the flow restrictor that induces operation of the pilot valve that is favorable for operation of the main valve. In one example, the first region and the second region define, respectively, a first flow area and a second flow area for the flow pathway, wherein each are configured to assign a ratio of the second flow area to the first flow area with a value of less than 10.

Control systems include various combinations of pressure regulators, pilots, and pressure stabilizers to provide systems with adjustable deadbands for over pressure protection, adjustable deadbands for under pressure protection, adjustable deadbands for both over pressure and under pressure protection, pressure assisted closure for over pressure protection, pressure assisted closure for under pressure protection, pressure assisted closure for both over pressure and under pressure protection, or spring assisted closure for over pressure and under pressure protection.

Control systems include various combinations of pressure regulators, pilots, and pressure stabilizers to provide systems with adjustable deadbands for over pressure protection, adjustable deadbands for under pressure protection, adjustable deadbands for both over pressure and under pressure protection, pressure assisted closure for over pressure protection, pressure assisted closure for under pressure protection, pressure assisted closure for both over pressure and under pressure protection, or spring assisted closure for over pressure and under pressure protection.

Aspects of the instant disclosure relate to electronic cigarettes; more particularly, to electronic cigarettes including a clearomizer. Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a clearomizer with a refillable electronic cigarette juice tank with a first fill aperture, and a mouthpiece including a second fill aperture. The mouthpiece and the refillable tank rotate relative to one another along a common longitudinal axis to align the fill apertures, and facilitate filling of the refillable tank.

A pressure safety valve (PSV) indicator arranged to be secured to a PSV discharge pipe over a first through-bore arranged therein, the PSV indicator including a connection including a first radially inward facing surface, an indicator cylinder, including a radially outward facing surface, a first end connected to the connection, a second end, and a second radially inward facing surface extending from the first end to the second end, a plunger slidably arranged in the indicator cylinder, the plunger including a head, and a neck having a third end, and an inductive proximity sensor operatively arranged to determine the position of the plunger.

A pressure safety valve (PSV) indicator arranged to be secured to a PSV discharge pipe over a first through-bore arranged therein, the PSV indicator including a connection including a first radially inward facing surface, an indicator cylinder, including a radially outward facing surface, a first end connected to the connection, a second end, and a second radially inward facing surface extending from the first end to the second end, a plunger slidably arranged in the indicator cylinder, the plunger including a head, and a neck having a third end, and an inductive proximity sensor operatively arranged to determine the position of the plunger.