A valve seat is provided herein. The valve seat may include a ceramic valve seat insert positioned within a metal valve seat housing and comprising an indentation corresponding to a retention lip of the metal valve seat housing and a compliant sleeve positioned coaxially around at least a portion of an outer surface of the ceramic valve seat insert.

Known operator housings include a vertical groove in an internal bore adapted for engagement with a roller. Over time the groove will fail as the roller exits the groove resulting in a gouge in the internal bore. Operator housings are disclosed in which a recess is disposed in the internal bore of the operator housing. The recess is adapted to receive a removable, arcuate-shaped insert. The insert may include a groove section adapted for longitudinal alignment with the groove in the internal bore of the operator housing. The groove section will be located within the internal bore such that the roller will exit the groove section of the insert. If the roller causes damage, it will be to the insert, not to the operator housing. If such damage occurs, the damaged insert can be removed and replaced with a new insert. This avoids scrapping or refurbishing damaged operator housing.

There is provided a method for depositing a TiO.sub.2Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 ceramic coating on a substrate. The method includes mixing a powder of sprayable nanostructured titanium(IV) oxide (n-TiO.sub.2) and a powder of chromium(III) oxide (Cr.sub.2O.sub.3), thereby obtaining a n-TiO.sub.2Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 powder blend. The method also includes thermal spraying particles of the n-TiO.sub.2Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 powder blend on the substrate at an in-flight particle temperature of or greater than 2350 C. and a particle in-flight velocity of or greater than 350 m/s, thereby obtaining a coated substrate.

There is provided a method for depositing a TiO.sub.2Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 ceramic coating on a substrate. The method includes mixing a powder of sprayable nanostructured titanium(IV) oxide (n-TiO.sub.2) and a powder of chromium(III) oxide (Cr.sub.2O.sub.3), thereby obtaining a n-TiO.sub.2Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 powder blend. The method also includes thermal spraying particles of the n-TiO.sub.2Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 powder blend on the substrate at an in-flight particle temperature of or greater than 2350 C. and a particle in-flight velocity of or greater than 350 m/s, thereby obtaining a coated substrate.

An improved ball valve on a pump system comprising a ball valve having a ball, a first end arranged for operatively engaging the pump system, a first axial port on the first end sufficiently narrow to prevent the passage of the ball, a ball-seat disposed on the first end with a plurality of ports annularly disposed around the ball and extending through the ball-seat, a second axial port on a second end sufficiently narrow to prevent the passage of the ball, and the second end of the ball valve arranged for connecting to the pump system. The improved ball valve further comprising a ball seat without a first axial port. The improved ball valve further comprising a plurality of ports extending outwardly from the first axial port and extending through the ball-seat.

An improved ball valve on a pump system comprising a ball valve having a ball, a first end arranged for operatively engaging the pump system, a first axial port on the first end sufficiently narrow to prevent the passage of the ball, a ball-seat disposed on the first end with a plurality of ports annularly disposed around the ball and extending through the ball-seat, a second axial port on a second end sufficiently narrow to prevent the passage of the ball, and the second end of the ball valve arranged for connecting to the pump system. The improved ball valve further comprising a ball seat without a first axial port. The improved ball valve further comprising a plurality of ports extending outwardly from the first axial port and extending through the ball-seat.

A valve seat insert for a gas exchange valve controlling gas exchange of a cylinder includes an insert body having an inner peripheral surface, an outer peripheral surface, and a valve seating surface structured to contact the gas exchange valve at a closed position and profiled to limit valve recession thereof. The valve seating surface includes an arrangement of linear segments and curved segments forming crowns to contact the gas exchange valve at different wear states.

A valve seat insert for a gas exchange valve controlling gas exchange of a cylinder includes an insert body having an inner peripheral surface, an outer peripheral surface, and a valve seating surface structured to contact the gas exchange valve at a closed position and profiled to limit valve recession thereof. The valve seating surface includes an arrangement of linear segments and curved segments forming crowns to contact the gas exchange valve at different wear states.

An automatic plate valve having a valve seat, a valve guard, a longitudinal axis (L) and a valve element arranged between the valve seat and the valve guard and movable along the longitudinal axis (L) The valve seat includes an end face having with valve seat openings oriented towards the valve guard, and a plurality of passages, which have a fluid-conducting connection to the valve seat openings. The valve element includes sealing element interacting with the valve seat openings. Wherein some of the passages have a different distance to the longitudinal axis in a radial direction (R). The end face of the valve seat including a plurality of grooved recesses, forming valve seat openings, with passages open into the same recess, the passages forming a fluid-conducting connection to the valve seat opening. Some of these passages connected to the valve seat opening have different distances to the longitudinal axis.

An automatic plate valve having a valve seat, a valve guard, a longitudinal axis (L) and a valve element arranged between the valve seat and the valve guard and movable along the longitudinal axis (L) The valve seat includes an end face having with valve seat openings oriented towards the valve guard, and a plurality of passages, which have a fluid-conducting connection to the valve seat openings. The valve element includes sealing element interacting with the valve seat openings. Wherein some of the passages have a different distance to the longitudinal axis in a radial direction (R). The end face of the valve seat including a plurality of grooved recesses, forming valve seat openings, with passages open into the same recess, the passages forming a fluid-conducting connection to the valve seat opening. Some of these passages connected to the valve seat opening have different distances to the longitudinal axis.