Provided herein are components for a fluid network modified for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs.

A round metal pipe 1 including a bend portion 10 is configured such that on an axial direction cross-section of the bend portion 10, an outer half portion 11b of a peripheral wall portion 11 of the bend portion 10 has an outwardly projecting, non-circular arc shape in which a central portion in a y direction, which is orthogonal to a bend radius direction x of the bend portion 10, forms an outermost peripheral portion 13, and a distance Lb from respective intermediate portions 15 between the outermost peripheral portion 13 and a pair of proximal end portions 14 of the outer half portion 11b to a pipe center O is shorter than a distance La from the outermost peripheral portion 13 to the pipe center O. Thus, advantages such as suppressing reductions in the sectional area and minimum inside width of the bend portion 10 and reducing flow path resistance can be obtained, and the round metal pipe 1 can be manufactured easily and appropriately.

A composite tube may include a body having a longitudinal centerline axis and an end portion having a tapered section and an end rim. At least one of a radially outward edge and a radially inward edge of the end rim may be non-circular. The end rim may be circumferentially continuous, and the tapered section may diverge radially outward in a direction from the body to the end rim. A joint assembly may include a support wedge that at least partially engages at least one of a radially inward surface of the end portion and a radially outward surface of the end portion of the composite tube.

The present invention provides a transfer line exchanger which is optimized for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs. The transfer line exchanger is designed by computer modeling a transfer line exchanger in which the cross section of flow path is substantially circular and modeling the operation of the transfer line under industrial conditions to validate the model design and its operation. Then iteratively the model design is deformed and the operation of the deformed part is modeled and compared to values obtained with other deformed models until the value of the objective function is optimized (e.g. at an extreme) or the change in the objective function is approaching zero.

A tubular portion; and flange portions at both ends of the tubular portion are included. A bent portion is formed between the two flange portions. The two flange portions are directly connected to each other.

A fitting connectable to an end portion of a pipe generally includes a tubular insert member configured to be received at least partly within the end portion of the pipe, and a retention member coupled to the insert member and configured to be received at least partly within the end portion of the pipe. The retention member operates in conjunction with the insert member to engage the end portion of the pipe and impart an increased force against an inner wall of the pipe in response to forces tending to separate the fitting from the end portion of the pipe. The insert member includes a plurality of reinforcement ribs formed on its inner surface which provide support to the insert member and help prevent damage thereto from transverse bending forces applied during installation.

A tailor-layered tube, includes an inner tube, an outer tube having a greater diameter than the inner tube and disposed outside the inner tube, and at least one intermediate tube disposed between the inner tube and the outer tube and having a length different from the inner tube and the outer tube to be locally disposed between the inner tube and the outer tube. The inner tube, the intermediate tube, and the outer tube are hydroformed in a state of being laminated so that the inner tube, the intermediate tube, and the outer tube are sequentially brought into close contact with each other in a region where the intermediate tube is disposed and the inner tube is brought into direct contact with the outer tube in a region where the intermediate tube does not exist, and accordingly regions having locally different thicknesses are successively arranged.

A method for providing a fluid supply conduit configured to pass through a constrained environment, including providing a circular section tube of appropriate dimensions, die stamping the circular section tube so as to obtain an oblong section tube of oval section, providing a plurality of external stiffeners of hollowed out shape adapted to the external dimensions of the oblong section tube, assembling the external stiffeners around a portion of the section of the oblong section tube.

The double tube for heat exchange includes: a spiral pipe having ridges and valleys alternately formed on a circumferential surface along a spiral track thereof and guiding a first fluid therethrough; an outer pipe receiving the spiral pipe axially inserted thereinto and guiding a second fluid along the circumferential surface such that the second fluid exchanges heat with the first fluid; a resistance member protruding from the spiral pipe or valleys to increase time of the second fluid in the valleys and to support the ridges adjacent thereto. Unlike typical double tubes, this double tube can: improve heat exchange efficiency by virtue of the spiral pipe; improve flow directionality of the second fluid; reduce noise through expansion of a space between an end joint of the outer and inner pipe to reduce the pressure of the second fluid; and improve efficiency through resistance members protruding from the valleys.

A helically wound tubular structure is disclosed. The tubular structure has a first sheet metal helically wound about a longitudinal axis, a second sheet metal having voids disposed therein helically wound about the longitudinal axis and coaxially about the first sheet metal, and a third sheet metal helically wound about the longitudinal axis and coaxially about the first sheet metal and the second sheet metal.