Antifreezes are provided for deployment in wet sprinkler systems located in cold environments. The antifreezes allow for the wet sprinkler system to be actuated under temperatures below 32° F. Wet sprinklers, sprinkler systems, methods of providing for the control, suppression and/or extinguishment of a fire that occur in a cold environment, and methods of preventing wet sprinklers from freezing also are provided. The sprinklers, sprinkler systems and methods can be used in residential, commercial and storage settings.

Antifreezes are provided for deployment in wet sprinkler systems located in cold environments. The antifreezes allow for the wet sprinkler system to be actuated under temperatures below 32° F. Wet sprinklers, sprinkler systems, methods of providing for the control, suppression and/or extinguishment of a fire that occur in a cold environment, and methods of preventing wet sprinklers from freezing also are provided. The sprinklers, sprinkler systems and methods can be used in residential, commercial and storage settings.

A cartridge replacement aid and a fire suppression system for incorporating the same are provided. The cartridge replacement aid helps to ensure that a disposable cartridge is removed and replaced after actuation. The cartridge replacement aid includes an aperture configured to allow a cartridge to pass through the cartridge replacement aid and connect to a valve, and a protrusion configured to perpendicularly extend from the cartridge replacement aid. The protrusion of the cartridge replacement aid, in certain instances, is configured to break when the fire suppression system is actuated. The protrusion of the cartridge replacement aid, in certain instances, is configured to prevent the cam of the fire suppression system from being reset without removing the cartridge replacement aid.

A dispensing unit that consists of two or more dispensing solutions, at least one being a fluorine-free foam solution, and at least one hydrogel-based solution, and which involves the dispensing of each solution through one or more compressed air foam system (CAFS), where the CAFS may use compressed air, nitrogen, or other inert gas. The individual solutions may be mixed prior to the CAFS, or one or more solutions mixed after the CAFS, or they may be mixed in separate CAFS chambers. The resulting foam may be dispensed through a single line or through multiple lines, applied simultaneously and/or at different times, and may be controlled manually and/or through automatic controls, or through a combination of the above.

A dispensing unit that consists of two or more dispensing solutions, at least one being a fluorine-free foam solution, and at least one hydrogel-based solution, and which involves the dispensing of each solution through one or more compressed air foam system (CAFS), where the CAFS may use compressed air, nitrogen, or other inert gas. The individual solutions may be mixed prior to the CAFS, or one or more solutions mixed after the CAFS, or they may be mixed in separate CAFS chambers. The resulting foam may be dispensed through a single line or through multiple lines, applied simultaneously and/or at different times, and may be controlled manually and/or through automatic controls, or through a combination of the above.

A corrosion prevention process to protect the piping of a dry pipe sprinkler system from corrosion is described. The process includes the selection and application of suitable corrosion inhibitors to interior portions of the piping. The corrosion inhibitors used in this process may include volatile corrosion inhibitors.

A low rate discharge section of a fire suppression system includes a low rate discharge conduit with a source segment and a supply segment, a housing connecting the source segment to the supply segment, and an orifice plate. The orifice plate is arranged within the housing, fluidly couples the source segment to the supply segment, and defines two or more orifices therethrough to choke flow of a fire suppressant traversing the orifice plate. Fire suppression and systems and methods of controlling flow of fire suppressant agents through fire suppression systems are also described.

A low rate discharge section of a fire suppression system includes a low rate discharge conduit with a source segment and a supply segment, a housing connecting the source segment to the supply segment, and an orifice plate. The orifice plate is arranged within the housing, fluidly couples the source segment to the supply segment, and defines two or more orifices therethrough to choke flow of a fire suppressant traversing the orifice plate. Fire suppression and systems and methods of controlling flow of fire suppressant agents through fire suppression systems are also described.

The present disclosure provides a spray system for a battery pack and a battery pack. The spray system includes a spray pipeline configured to circulate a spray liquid and form an opening when being heating, a liquid storage device communicating with the spray pipeline, and a driving device including a driving component and an elastic component connected to the driving component. The driving component, under an elastic force applied by the elastic component, drives the spray liquid in the liquid storage device to flow into the spray pipeline. In the present spray system, the spray liquid not only in the spray pipeline but in the liquid storage device can be discharged to spray, thereby improving the spray effect, preventing the heat flow generated when the one battery unit is thermally out of control from spreading to the adjacent battery units, and improving the safety of the battery pack.

In a nitrogen generator, multiple, concurrent gas pressure monitors constantly and simultaneously monitor gas pressures at key points in the nitrogen generation process, and a controller generates an alarm when the pressure at any point falls below a respective predetermined pressure level, and remains there for longer than a respective predetermined duration. In some embodiments, a run time of the nitrogen separation unit is additionally monitored. Additionally, in some embodiments, if the output pressure of nitrogen gas falls below a predetermined pressure level, a bypass route is activated to route compressed air directly to the output, thus sacrificing nitrogen gas purity but maintaining required minimum pressure for downstream systems.