A cellular phone case in combination with a flexible packet holding an admixture of water and super absorbent material to provide heat dissipation, heat indication, and fire extinguishment properties. The cellular phone case has a translucent rear surface and the packet fits inside the case between the bottom surface of the case and the underside of a cellular phone. The packet dissipates heat during a recharging condition, and provides a fire retardant agent to arrest a lithium battery meltdown.

A fire suppressant for cooling a battery pack includes a pressurized mixture of a dry chemical and carbon dioxide. The dry chemical is an inorganic particulate chemical. The dry chemical particles are small enough to be carried by a flow of depressurizing carbon dioxide. A mass of the dry chemical is between 5% and 50% of a mass of the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide, when depressurized, vaporizes and cools the dry chemical and the battery pack. The dry chemical can adhere to the battery pack when the mixture is depressurized. An amount of the fire suppressant used to cool the battery pack is equal to or greater than an inerting volume of fire suppressant for the battery pack.

A fire suppressant for cooling a battery cell in a battery pack includes a pressurized mixture of an organic compound and carbon dioxide. The organic compound is 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone. A ratio of a mass of the organic compound to a mass of the carbon dioxide is between 1:4 and 4:1. The mixture is pressurized above a vapor pressure of the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide, when depressurized, evaporates and cools the organic compound and the battery cell. The mixture, when depressurized, flows through the battery cell. An amount of the fire suppressant flowed through the battery pack is equal to or greater than an inerting volume of fire suppressant for the battery pack.

A liquid hydrocarbon sorbing article of manufacture including a hydrophobic/oleophilic fibrous material contained within a carrier, and chemically treated for inhibiting fire ignition involving flammable liquid hydrocarbons, while absorbing the flammable liquid hydrocarbons when spilled on a body of water and/or land. The treatment is carried out by a process involving: formulating an environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid chemical using tripotassium citrate (TPC), and a coalescing and/or dispersant agent mixed together; and applying said environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid chemical so as to coat the surfaces of hydrophobic/oleophilic fibrous material for absorbing flammable liquid hydrocarbons. The article of manufacture is selected from the group consisting of tubes, socks, mats, fabric, and canvas.

Environmentally-clean fire inhibiting and extinguishing dry powder compositions and products for sorbing flammable liquids while inhibiting ignition and extinguishing fire involving flammable hydrocarbon liquids such as, oils, fuels and non-polar solvents such as ketones and alcohols. The dry powder chemical compositions are made by mixing, blending and milling to suitable powder particle sizes, the following components: a fire extinguishing agent in the form of at least one alkali metal salt of a nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid; a powder fluidizing agent to help provide the dry powder composition with excellent fluid flow characteristics; and an oleophilic/hydrophobic composition for absorbing liquid hydrocarbons, while repelling water.

Potassium bicarbonate is coated with an anionic or amphoteric surfactant, which is preferably a metal soap, such as calcium stearate, to inhibit caking on storage, and premature loss of carbon dioxide when mixed with acidulant, e.g. in a baking powder or self-raising flour blend. Loss of carbon dioxide in the blend may be further inhibited by coating the acidulant with surfactant. Combination of surfactant coating with an inorganic anti-caking agent such as silicon dioxide gives synergistic protection against caking of the potassium bicarbonate. Preferably the bicarbonate has D50 of between 35 and 200 and is free from particles greater than 400.

A foam stabilizing composition includes a) colloidal silica and b) a siloxane cationic surfactant. The siloxane cationic surfactant includes a cationic moiety having the formula Z.sup.1-D.sup.1-N(Y).sub.a(R).sub.2-a, where Z.sup.1 is a siloxane moiety, D.sup.1 is a divalent linking group, R is H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, subscript a is 1 or 2, and each Y has formula -D-NR.sup.1.sub.3+, where D is a divalent linking group and each R.sup.1 is independently an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A firefighting includes the foam stabilizing composition and water. Methods of making and using the same are also provided.

A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a potassium salt. The potassium salt may include a potassium salt of an organic acid, a potassium salt of an inorganic acid, or mixtures thereof. The organic acid may include formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, uric acid, malic acid, or citric acid. The inorganic acid may include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, or hydrochloric acid. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.

A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a potassium salt. The potassium salt may include a potassium salt of an organic acid, a potassium salt of an inorganic acid, or mixtures thereof. The organic acid may include formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, uric acid, malic acid, or citric acid. The inorganic acid may include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, or hydrochloric acid. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.

Potassium bicarbonate is coated with an anionic or amphoteric surfactant, which is preferably a metal soap, such as calcium stearate, to inhibit caking on storage, and premature loss of carbon dioxide when mixed with acidulant, e.g. in a baking powder or self-raising flour blend. Loss of carbon dioxide in the blend may be further inhibited by coating the acidulant with surfactant. Combination of surfactant coating with an inorganic anti-caking agent such as silicon dioxide gives synergistic protection against caking of the potassium bicarbonate. Preferably the bicarbonate has D50 of between 35 and 200 and is free from particles greater than 400.