A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a phosphate salt. The phosphate salt may include diammonium phosphate, diammonium orthophosphate, monoammonium phosphate, monoammonium orthophosphate, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, disodium phosphate hydrate, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium ammonium phosphate hydrate, sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodium phosphate, or dipotassium phosphate, and combinations thereof. The forest fire retardant composition may include an ammonium source. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.

A wildfire defense spraying system installed on a property with combustible surfaces and adapted for spraying the property and combustible surfaces with an environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor for defending against wildfire by inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread caused by hot flying wildfire embers created during a wildfire storm. The wildfire defense system includes: a storage tank containing an environmentally-clean liquid fire inhibitor comprising a majority amount of tripotassium citrate (TPC) and minor amount of triethyl citrate (TEC) dissolved in a major amount of water according to a prespecified formulation, wherein the environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor remains stable without the formation of solids at expected operating temperatures, and ready for immediate spraying on combustible surfaces. A hydraulic pump system is connected to remote power control switch employed to supply electrical power to the hydraulic pump, and remotely activated. A plurality of spray heads is mounted about the property, in fluid communication with the storage tank, and supplied with environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor by the hydraulic pump system. During operation, the spray heads spray liquid fire inhibitor from the storage tank forming a spray pattern that covers the property and combustible surfaces to be defended against wildfire embers. When the hydraulic pump system completes pumping and spraying the environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor in the storage tank, the hydraulic pump system automatically shuts off, and as water molecules in the sprayed environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor evaporate to the environment, thin potassium salt crystalline coatings form on the sprayed combustible property surfaces, inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wildfire.

A novel flame retardant and fire extinguishing product for preventing and fighting fires in solid materials is disclosed herein. The product is thixotropic and non-toxic, and comprises water, one or more flame retardants, one or more stabilizers, and one or more preservatives. In some embodiments, the product further comprises one or more thickeners, one or more binders, one or more fining agents, one or more firming agents, one or more water retention agents, one or more water-soluble fluoropolymers or other water-soluble polymers with similar properties, one or more detergents, and/or one or more surfactants. The product may be used as a flame retardant to prevent fires and in active firefighting. The product may be biodegradable in a natural environment, may be readily cleaned off equipment and materials using water, and may also provide other features which render it safe for the environment as compared to other commonly used products in fire prevention and firefighting.

A fire mitigating composition comprising (i) a sugar derivative and (ii) a solvent. A fire extinguisher, comprising (i) a sugar derivative, (ii) a solvent and, (iii) a propellent. An article, comprising a wood-containing material having a fire-resistant coating comprising a blend of glucaric acid and gluconic acid. A method of suppressing a fire, comprising applying topically to the surface of a fire or proximate to a fire, a fire mitigating composition comprising a sugar derivative wherein the sugar derivative is selected from the group consisting of an aldaric acid, uronic acid, glucaric acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, glucose oxidation products, gluconic acid oxidation products, disaccharides, oxidized disaccharides, n-keto-acids, C2-C6 diacids, galactonic acid, galactaric acid, glutamic acid, glucodialdose, 2-ketoglucose, glucodiamine, glycoaldehyde, glyoxal, salts thereof, lactones thereof and combinations thereof.

A wildfire defense spraying system installed on property with combustible property surfaces, and adapted for spraying the combustible property surfaces with an environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor for defending against wildfire by inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread caused by hot flying wildfire embers created during a wildfire storm. The wildfire defense spraying system includes: a storage tank containing a supply of environmentally-clean liquid fire inhibitor comprising an alkali metal salt of a nonpolymeric carboxylic acid, and triethyl citrate (TEC) dissolved in water according to a prespecified formulation, wherein the environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor remains stable without the formation of solids at expected operating temperatures, and ready for immediate spraying on combustible surfaces. An electric-powered hydraulic pump system is connected to a remote power control switch employed to supply electrical power to the electric-powered hydraulic pump system. A plurality of spray heads are mounted about the property and any buildings thereon, and arranged in fluid communication with the storage tank and the hydraulic pump system. During operation, the hydraulic pump system automatically pumps environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor from the storage tank and through the spray heads to generate a spray pattern of environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor over all the combustible surfaces on the property. As water molecules in the sprayed environmentally-clean water-based liquid fire inhibitor evaporate to the environment, thin fire-inhibiting alkali metal salt crystalline coatings form on the combustible property surfaces, inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wildfire embers.

A method of suppressing, reducing and/or extinguishing a subterranean fire comprising contacting the subterranean fire with a fire-suppression composition comprising a carrier agent and a flame-retardant salt. A method of treating a peat fire comprising locating one or more hot spots associated with the peat fire, preparing an aqueous solution of a fire-suppression composition comprising guar and monoammonium phosphate, wherein a ratio of guar to monoammonium phosphate is about 30:70; and contacting the peat fire with the aqueous solution.

A novel flame retardant and fire extinguishing product for preventing and fighting fires in liquids is disclosed herein. The product comprises water, one or more flame retardants, one or more polymers, one or more surfactants, one or more emulsifiers, one or more preservatives, and one or more firming agents. In some embodiments, the product may further comprise one or more stabilizers, one or more binders, and/or one or more fining agents. The product may be used as a fire extinguishing agent in active firefighting and as a flame retardant to prevent fires. The product may be biodegradable in a natural environment, may be readily cleaned off equipment and materials to which it has been applied using water, and may also provide other features which render it safe for the environment as compared to other commonly used products in fire prevention and firefighting.

This invention relates to azeotrope-like compositions, methods and systems having utility in numerous applications, and in particular, uses for azeotrope-like compositions comprising effective amounts of the compound cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (Z-HFO-1336mzzm), which has the following structure: ##STR00001##
and another material selected from the group consisting of water, fluoroketones, alcohols, hydrochlorofluoroolefins, and combinations of two or more thereof. These compositions may be used in a wide variety of applications such as, blowing agents, refrigerants, heating agents, power cycle agents, cleaning agents, aerosol propellants, sterilization agents, lubricants, flavor and fragrance extractants, flammability reducing agents, and flame suppression agents.

This invention relates to azeotrope-like compositions, methods and systems having utility in numerous applications, and in particular, uses for azeotrope-like compositions comprising effective amounts of the compound cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (Z-HF0-1336mzzm), which has the following structure:

##STR00001##

and another material selected from the group consisting of water, fluoroketones, alcohols, hydrochlorofluoroolefins, and combinations of two or more thereof. These compositions may be used in a wide variety of applications such as, blowing agents, refrigerants, heating agents, power cycle agents, cleaning agents, aerosol propellants, sterilization agents, lubricants, flavor and fragrance extractants, flammability reducing agents, and flame suppression agents.

A novel flame retardant and fire extinguishing product for preventing and fighting fires in solid materials is disclosed herein. The product is thixotropic and non-toxic, and comprises water, one or more flame retardants, one or more stabilizers, and one or more preservatives. In some embodiments, the product further comprises one or more thickeners, one or more binders, one or more fining agents, one or more firming agents, one or more water retention agents, one or more water-soluble fluoropolymers or other water-soluble polymers with similar properties, one or more detergents, and/or one or more surfactants. The product may be used as a flame retardant to prevent fires and in active firefighting. The product may be biodegradable in a natural environment, may be readily cleaned off equipment and materials using water, and may also provide other features which render it safe for the environment as compared to other commonly used products in fire prevention and firefighting.