Disclosed is a composition which is applied to products or elements generating heat or having possibility of ignition or explosion during driving, storage and/or maintenance processes. The composition is capable of effectively responding to the heat, ignition, and explosion. For example, the composition is applied to an article comprising a plurality of the products or elements. The composition is capable of responding to abnormal heat generation, explosion, and ignition occurring in any one element or product, and is capable of preventing or minimizing propagation of such heat generation, explosion, and ignition to other adjacent elements or products. The composition also exhibits excellent handleability and storage stability. The present specification may also provide a use of the composition.

A long-term fire retarding biochemical liquid composition including: a dispersing agent realized in the form of a major amount of water, for dispersing alkali metal ions dissolved in the water; a major amount of a first fire retarding agent realized in the form of a primary alkali metal salt of a nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid, for example, tripotassium citrate, for providing metal potassium ions dispersed in the water when the at least one alkali metal salt is dissolved in the water to form a mixed retardant solution; a minor amount of a second fire retarding agent realized in the form of a secondary alkali metal salt of a nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid, for example, potassium, sodium, calcium and/or magnesium benzoate, for providing benzoate ions dispersed in the water when the secondary alkali metal salt is dissolved in the mixed retardant solution, for functioning as a secondary fire retardant agent and also inhibiting surface corrosion reactions involving metals contacting the mixed retardant solution, including specific metals, namely aluminum, steel, bright steel, brass, and magnesium; a minor amount of thickening agent in the form of a biomolecular polymer consisting essentially of polysaccharides; a minor amount of a dispersing agent for dispersing benzoate ions present in the water when the at least one alkali metal salt is dissolved in the mixed retardant solution, so as to promote the formation of a corrosion inhibiting coating on metals contacting the mixed retardant solution and inhibiting surface corrosion reactions involving the metals; and a minor amount of coloring agent in the form of fugitive color dye powder, or non-fugitive pigment powder, for imparting a visible color characteristics when the fire retarding biochemical liquid composition is being applied to a surface to be protected against fire, to form a thin fire retardant coating deposited on treated surfaces, comprising a mixture of metal alkali salt crystals within the polysaccharides of the biomolecular polymer. Wet and dry concentration formulations of the fire retarding biochemical liquid composition are disclosed for use with both aerial and ground delivery methods and apparatus.

Environmentally-clean fire-inhibiting chemical compositions are used to biochemically treat wood furnish material and polymer resin binder material during composite wood product (e.g. oriented strand board (OSB) panel) manufacture, so that alkali metal (i.e. potassium) ions and/or micro-particles associated with the fire inhibiting biochemical treatment compositions are freely available throughout the entire composite wood product so as to inhibit fire ignition, flame spread, smoke development, as well as optionally, inhibit mold, mildew, microbial life and/or moisture. By embodying the environmentally-clean fire inhibiting biochemical compositions of the present invention into the lignocellulosic-based wood furnish material of a composite wood product, and preferably its polymeric resin binder material, during composite product manufacture, it is now possible to safely treat substantially the entire physical structure of the finished composite wood product and its structural components, with environmentally-clean fire inhibiting biochemical composition(s). By doing so, it is possible to provide the entire finished composite wood product with alkali metal ions and/or micro-particles thereof, that are freely available to inhibit fire ignition, flame spread and smoke development in accordance with ASTM Class-A fire-protected standards, as well as, optionally, inhibit metal corrosion, mold/mildew and moisture in a significantly new and improved manner.

Environmentally-clean wildfire inhibitor liquid biochemical solutions produced from an aqueous mixture of alkali metal salt derived from a non-polymerized saturated carboxylic acid, and dissolved in water along with a dispersing and coalescing agent, realized as an ester of a non-polymerized saturated carboxylic acid, and dissolved in the water to provide a liquid fire inhibitor solution that can be sprayed on combustible surfaces to form thin alkali metal salt crystalline coatings on the combustible surfaces when and as water molecules in the liquid fire inhibitor evaporate to the environment during drying operations, to inhibit fire ignition, flame spread and smoke development.

A wet sprinkler system for use in a cold environment includes an antifreeze that exhibits a heat release rate of no more than 10% higher than a heat release just prior to discharge of the antifreeze for any consecutive 15 second period throughout the discharge of the antifreeze; and the heat release rate is determined using pendent sprinklers having a nominal K-factor of 4.2 and 8.0 gpm/(psig).sup.1/2 on a supply piping arrangement including a nominal 2-inch diameter steel pipe or larger connected to a pump system capable of providing the required test pressure and flow.

A fire extinguishing liquid is described which includes one or more of a phosphate, hydrogen phosphate or dihydrogen phosphate salt; and a sulphate salt. The fire extinguishing liquid contains no, or substantially no, hydrogen carbonate salts. The liquid finds use in the extinguishment of fires, including battery fires.

Disclosed is a composition which is applied to products or elements generating heat or having possibility of ignition or explosion during driving, storage and/or maintenance processes. The composition is capable of effectively responding to the heat, ignition, and explosion. For example, the composition is applied to an article comprising a plurality of the products or elements. The composition is capable of responding to abnormal heat generation, explosion, and ignition occurring in any one element or product, and capable of preventing or minimizing propagation of such heat generation, explosion, and ignition to other adjacent elements or products. The composition also exhibits excellent handleability and storage stability.

A Class-A fire-protected wood product include: a wood product having exterior wood surfaces and being selected from the group consisting of finger-jointed wood products, dimensioned lumber products, cross-laminated timber (CLT) products, and engineered wood products (EWPs); and thin potassium salt crystalline coatings formed on the exterior wood surfaces of said wood product during a surface treatment process involving the coating of said exterior surfaces with an environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid chemical composition, so as to produce a Class-A fire-protected wood product having Class-A fire-protected wood surfaces, when water molecules in said environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid chemical composition evaporate to the environment during drying and formation of said thin potassium salt crystalline coatings. The thin potassium salt crystalline coatings protect the treated exterior surfaces against fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of fire, by interrupting the combustion phase of the fire by one or more pathways, and inhibiting fire ignition and flame spread.

An environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid biochemical composition for application on combustible surfaces to inhibit fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of fire. The environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid biochemical composition including a dispersing agent realized in the form of a quantity of water, for dispersing metal ions dissolved in water; a fire inhibiting agent in the form of at least one alkali metal salt of a nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid, for providing metal ions dispersed in the water when the alkali metal salt of a nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid is dissolved in the quantity of water; and a coalescing agent in the form of an organic compound containing three carboxylic acid groups, or salt/ester derivatives thereof, specifically triethyl citrate (TEC), an ester of citric acid, for dispersing and coalescing the metal ions when the fire inhibiting liquid composition is applied to combustible surfaces to be protected against fire, while water molecules in the water evaporate to the environment during drying, and the metal ions cooperate to form thin alkali metal salt crystalline coatings on the combustible surfaces. The alkali metal salt of nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid may be selected from the group consisting of: alkali metal salts of citric acid; alkali metal salts of oxalic acid; alkali metal salts of gluconic acid; and alkali metal salts of tartaric acid. The alkali metal salt of nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid may be selected from the group consisting of the alkali salt of lithium, the alkali salt of sodium, the alkali salt of potassium, the alkali salt of cesium and the alkali salt of rubidium. Preferably, the alkali metal salt of nonpolymeric saturated carboxylic acid is an alkali salt of potassium, namely tripotassium citrate (TPC).

An environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid biochemical composition for application on combustible surfaces to inhibit fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of fire. The environmentally-clean fire inhibiting liquid biochemical composition includes: a dispersing agent realized in the form of a quantity of water, for dispersing potassium ions dissolved in the water; a fire inhibiting agent realized in the form of potassium citrate, for providing potassium ions dispersed in the water when the potassium citrate is dissolved in the water; and a coalescing agent realized in the form of triethyl citrate, an ester of citric acid, for dispersing and coalescing the potassium ions when the fire inhibiting liquid composition is applied to a combustible surfaces to be protected against fire ignition and flame spread, and while water molecules in the water evaporate during drying, the potassium ions cooperate to form a thin potassium salt crystalline coating on the treated combustible surface that proactively protects the treated combustible surfaces against fire ignition and flame spread, in the presence of fire.