A heat exchange system includes cooling tubes that carry coolant and are placed on an external surface of a storage tank, which may be spherical, cylindrical, or other shape. The storage tank may be a cryogenic rocket fuel tank. The cooling tubes are bent to particular radius of curvatures that correspond to the varying curvatures of the storage tank. A network of spacers and bridge brackets with adjustable setscrews are used to precisely place the cooling tubes in correct positions on the external surface of the storage tank. Once placed in the desired position, the setscrews are adjusted to maximize the surface area contact between the cooling tubes and the exterior surface of the storage tank, resulting in optimal heat transfer without overstressing the materials of the tubing or the storage tank. The precisely positioned tubes may then be permanently affixed to the exterior surface of the storage tank using a cryogenic adhesive.

A heat exchange system includes cooling tubes that carry coolant and are placed on an external surface of a storage tank, which may be spherical, cylindrical, or other shape. The storage tank may be a cryogenic rocket fuel tank. The cooling tubes are bent to particular radius of curvatures that correspond to the varying curvatures of the storage tank. A network of spacers and bridge brackets with adjustable setscrews are used to precisely place the cooling tubes in correct positions on the external surface of the storage tank. Once placed in the desired position, the setscrews are adjusted to maximize the surface area contact between the cooling tubes and the exterior surface of the storage tank, resulting in optimal heat transfer without overstressing the materials of the tubing or the storage tank. The precisely positioned tubes may then be permanently affixed to the exterior surface of the storage tank using a cryogenic adhesive.

A diaphragm for use in a fluid storage tank in which the fluid storage tank comprises first and second shell portions defining an interior tank space, wherein the diaphragm is configured to be secured within the interior tank space between the first and second shell portions, to define a fluid storage reservoir between the diaphragm and one of the shell portions. The diaphragm comprises a body of deformable material having a part-spherical portion defining a central longitudinal axis. A thickness of the diaphragm varies between different regions of the diaphragm. The thickness of the diaphragm is asymmetric about the longitudinal axis. Also provided is a fluid storage tank including such a diaphragm.

Provided is a liquid tank, including: a cylindrical seamless tank body having both end portions being reduced in diameter toward respective end sides; and a plurality of annular baffles provided inside the tank body and arranged at intervals in an axial direction of the tank body, in which at least one of the plurality of baffles is held on an inner peripheral surface of the tank body.