A system and a method for filling a tank are provided. The tank filling system includes tanks that are filled with predetermined fluid and a manifold that is coupled to each of the plurality of tanks in a communication manner. A first flow passage is connected to a first inlet of the manifold to supply the fluid to be filled into the plurality of tanks to the manifold and a second flow passage is connected to a second inlet of the manifold spaced apart from the first inlet of the manifold by a predetermined distance to supply the fluid to be filled into the plurality of tanks to the manifold. A controller opens and closes the first flow passage and the second flow passage.

An apparatus to refuel a vessel with cryo-compressed hydrogen is disclosed herein. The apparatus includes a refueler controller configured to defuel the vessel prior to a refuel process based on a pressure of the vessel; fill a mixing tank with at least the cryo-compressed hydrogen based on the pressure of the vessel and a pressure of the mixing tank, wherein the mixing tank is connected upstream of the vessel and is structured to include the cryo-compressed hydrogen; initiate the refuel process of the vessel; adjust a temperature of the mixing tank in response to a temperature of the vessel not satisfying a target temperature of the vessel during the refuel process, wherein the temperature of the mixing tank is to be adjusted based on an increase or a decrease of flow of supercritical hydrogen; and end the refuel process in response to the pressure of the vessel satisfying a target pressure of the vessel.

A cryogen storage vessel at an installation is filled with liquid cryogen from a liquid cryogen storage tank that has a pressure lower than that of the vessel. After headspaces of the vessel and tank are placed in fluid communication with another via a gas transfer vessel and are pressure-balanced, a pump in a liquid transfer line connected between the tank and the vessel is operated to transfer amounts of liquid cryogen from the tank to the vessel via the liquid transfer line and pump as amounts of gaseous cryogen are transferred, through displacement by the pumped cryogenic liquid, from the vessel to the tank. Following filling, the tank is disconnected and then driven to another location to repeat the filling process with a second vessel that is at a different location.

A cryogen storage vessel at an installation is filled with liquid cryogen from a liquid cryogen storage tank that has a pressure lower than that of the vessel. After headspaces of the vessel and tank are placed in fluid communication with another via a gas transfer vessel and are pressure-balanced, a pump in a liquid transfer line connected between the tank and the vessel is operated to transfer amounts of liquid cryogen from the tank to the vessel via the liquid transfer line and pump as amounts of gaseous cryogen are transferred, through displacement by the pumped cryogenic liquid, from the vessel to the tank.

A cryogen storage vessel at an installation is filled with liquid cryogen from a liquid cryogen storage tank that has a pressure lower than that of the vessel. After headspaces of the vessel and tank are placed in fluid communication with another via a gas transfer vessel and are pressure-balanced, a pump in a liquid transfer line connected between the tank and the vessel is operated to transfer amounts of liquid cryogen from the tank to the vessel via the liquid transfer line and pump as amounts of gaseous cryogen are transferred, through displacement by the pumped cryogenic liquid, from the vessel to the tank.

A pressure vessel for storing hydrogen is described. The pressure vessel includes at least one chamber to store hydrogen atoms. The pressure vessel also includes a mycelium structure within the at least one chamber. The mycelium structure has a surface area of at least 800 m.sup.2/m.sup.3. At least some of the hydrogen atoms are attached to the mycelium structure at a pressure greater than ambient pressure. Methods of storing hydrogen and methods of constructing a hydrogen storage tank are also described.

A nozzle includes a nozzle bayonet with a warm seal positioned at a distal end and a nose seal positioned at a proximal end so that a distal passage is defined between the warm and nose seals. The nozzle also includes a nozzle poppet valve. Purge and vent lines are in fluid communication with the distal passage. A receptacle includes a receptacle poppet valve, a receptacle inner tube and a receptacle outer tube with a receptacle insulation space defined therebetween. A coupling space is defined between an outer casing and the receptacle outer tube. The receptacle coupling space receives the nozzle bayonet. The receptacle sequentially engages the warm seal and the nose seal of the nozzle during insertion of the nozzle bayonet into the receptacle coupling space with the nozzle and receptacle poppets engaging to open the nozzle and receptacle poppet valves when the nozzle bayonet is fully inserted into the receptacle coupling space.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for refilling fluid containers. A fluid container may include a bottle and a valve assembly. The valve assembly may include two valves and be configured to engage with the bottle and a filling head or dispensing head. A system is configured to provide pressurized fluid to the refillable container, monitor filling, determine when to stop filling, and determine how much fluid was provided. The valve assembly may include a float mechanism coupled to one of the valves of the valve assembly to ensure fluid flow is stopped when the fluid container is full. The fluid, which can include carbon dioxide, is stored in a storage tank. A flow system provides the fluid to a filling head, which engages with the fluid container. The flow system includes a transfer pump, valves, and sensors configured to provide the fluid to the filling head.

A liquefied natural gas (LNG) management system that stores natural gas in a liquefied state in an isothermal storage tank. A modular multi-fueling platform is in fluid communication with the isothermal storage tank. The modular multi-fueling platform includes a LNG conditioning tank, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a heater, plumbing, associated valves, various sensing transmitters, and a programmable logic computer (PLC). Data acquired by the PLC determines actions by the modular multi-fueling platform, including operation of valves, the compressor, etc. The system transfers LNG between the storage tank, the conditioning tank, and a cargo tank (consumer's vehicle tank). The system employs steps of heating and compressing the LNG and boil off gas to maintain the LNG at temperature. The system employs pressure differences for transferring the LNG between tanks.

According to an embodiment, a hydrogen fueling system based on real-time communication of a compressed hydrogen storage system (CHSS) for a fuel cell comprises a CHSS including a hydrogen tank and a hydrogen tank valve, a dispenser including a dispenser controller receiving sensing data including a pressure and temperature inside the hydrogen tank and a hydrogen supply unit supplying hydrogen to an inside of the hydrogen tank based on the sensing data, and a data hydrogen moving device including a CHSS controller converting the sensing data into data for wireless communication and outputting the data, a wireless communication unit provided for wireless communication between the CHSS controller and the dispenser controller of the dispenser, and a receptacle transferring hydrogen from the hydrogen supply unit to the hydrogen tank valve.