A controlled ambient temperature vaporization system including a source of liquid carbon dioxide at a supply pressure, a pressure reduction valve is provided. The system is configured to reduce the liquid carbon dioxide from the supply pressure to a delivery pressure, a heat exchange device. The system is also configured to exchange heat between a stream of ambient temperature air and the carbon dioxide at delivery pressure, thereby producing a vaporized carbon dioxide stream. The system also includes a backpressure regulator, configured to maintain the vaporized carbon dioxide above a minimum delivery pressure.

A heat exchanger generally employs a method for supplying liquid having critical pressure or higher or high pressure in order to suppress boiling. However, gas obtained by a evaporator behind the heat exchanger has relatively low pressure, and therefore supplying the liquid to the heat exchanger requires a system for converting an energy form of the obtained gas into kinetic energy or electrical energy, and increasing the pressure by a mechanical pump. Thus, the complicated system involving an efficiency loss is only solution, and it is difficult to achieve simplification of a system or reduction in the weight of a propellant supply device in a moving body, specifically, a flying object.

Example implementations relate to Additive Manufacturing (AM) pressurization diffusers. An example diffuser includes an integral component configurable for receiving and diffusing pressurant. Particularly, the integral component includes multiple elements manufactured as a single-piece structure, including an inner filter, outer shell, and flange. The inner filter includes micro-diamond holes that enable pressurant received at an opening of the inner filter to diffuse out of the inner filter and subsequently through holes positioned in a shell surface of the outer shell. The flange can position the diffuser such that the opening of the inner filter is in pressurant communication with a pressurant source (e.g., opening of a tank) enabling the diffuser to receive and diffuse pressurant in a predefined pattern. For example, when the diffuser is positioned inside a tank, the diffuser can have a frustum configuration that helps diffuse pressurant upwards towards inner sidewalls of a pressure vessel, tube or channel.

Disclosed herein are a liquid hydrogen fueling system including a liquid hydrogen storage tank and a fueling method thereof. The liquid hydrogen fueling system partitions the inner tank of the liquid hydrogen storage tank into a first inner tank and a second inner tank, which are separate from each other, and makes liquid hydrogen easily flow from the liquid hydrogen storage tank to a high-pressure pump using the difference between the pressure inside the first inner tank and the pressure inside the second inner tank, thereby enabling high-pressure charging of liquid hydrogen in spite of the low density thereof.

Disclosed is a liquefied natural gas storage apparatus. The apparatus includes a heat insulated tank and liquefied natural gas contained in the tank. The tank has heat insulation sufficient to maintain liquefied natural gas therein such that most of the liquefied natural gas stays in liquid. The contained liquefied natural gas has a vapor pressure from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar. The apparatus further includes a safety valve configured to release a part of liquefied natural gas contained in the tank when a vapor pressure of liquefied natural gas within the tank becomes higher than a cut-off pressure. The cut-off pressure is from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar.

A pressure tank includes a metallic vessel, a plastic liner received in the metallic vessel, a flexible diaphragm, two connectors and a nozzle coupled to the nipples respectively. The metallic vessel includes upper and lower shells. The upper shell defines a first planar area on a side thereof and a second planar area on a top thereof. The lower shell defines a third planar area thereunder. The flexible diaphragm divides the metallic vessel into a storage space and a pneumatic room. Each of the connectors includes a nipple and an anti-leak assembly. The nipples of the connectors are mounted on the side and top of the upper shell respectively and are in communication with the storage space. The two anti-leak assemblies provide leakproof connection between the nipples and the plastic liner. Additionally, the nozzle is mounted on the third planar area to be in communication with the pneumatic room.

Disclosed is a liquefied natural gas storage apparatus. The apparatus includes a heat insulated tank and liquefied natural gas contained in the tank. The tank has heat insulation sufficient to maintain liquefied natural gas therein such that most of the liquefied natural gas stays in liquid. The contained liquefied natural gas has a vapor pressure from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar. The apparatus further includes a safety valve configured to release a part of liquefied natural gas contained in the tank when a vapor pressure of liquefied natural gas within the tank becomes higher than a cut-off pressure. The cut-off pressure is from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar.

Heat is transferred from a first portion of liquid hydrogen to a flow of a heat transfer fluid at a first heat exchanger through heat exchange with a heat transfer fluid to produce a flow of vaporized hydrogen and a warmed flow of heat transfer fluid. The flow of vaporized hydrogen is combined with a second portion of liquid hydrogen in amounts designed to produce a combined flow with a desired temperature, the combined flow being used to fill one or more buffer vessels. Heat is also transferred at a second heat exchanger from a stream of pressurized hydrogen from the at least one buffer vessel to the cooled flow of heat transfer fluid to produce a cooled flow of pressurized hydrogen that is used to fill tanks of fuel cell electric vehicles.

Heat is transferred from a first portion of liquid hydrogen to a flow of a heat transfer fluid at a first heat exchanger through heat exchange with a heat transfer fluid to produce a flow of vaporized hydrogen and a warmed flow of heat transfer fluid. The flow of vaporized hydrogen is combined with a second portion of liquid hydrogen in amounts designed to produce a combined flow with a desired temperature, the combined flow being used to fill one or more buffer vessels. Heat is also transferred at a second heat exchanger from a stream of pressurized hydrogen from the at least one buffer vessel to the cooled flow of heat transfer fluid to produce a cooled flow of pressurized hydrogen that is used to fill tanks of fuel cell electric vehicles.

Mobile cryogenic tank for transporting cryogenic fluid, notably liquefied hydrogen or helium, comprising an internal shell intended to contain the cryogenic fluid, an external shell arranged around the internal shell and delimiting a space between the two shells, said space containing a thermal insulator, the first shell having a cylindrical overall shape extending along a central longitudinal axis (A), when the tank is in the configuration for transport and use, the central longitudinal axis (A) being oriented horizontally, the tank comprising a set of temperature sensors measuring the temperature of the fluid in the internal shell, characterized in that the set of temperature sensors is situated on the external face of the internal shell and measure the temperature of said shell, the set of temperature sensors comprising a lower sensor positioned at the lower end of the internal shell situated below the central longitudinal axis (A), the set of temperature sensors further comprising a plurality of intermediate sensors distributed over two lateral faces of the internal shell on each side of the central longitudinal axis (A), the plurality of intermediate sensors being distributed vertically between the lower end of the internal shell situated below the central longitudinal axis (A) and the upper end of the internal shell situated above the central longitudinal axis (A).