A cryogenic energy storage system comprises at least one cryogenic fluid storage tank having an output; a primary conduit through which a stream of cryogenic fluid may flow from the output of the fluid storage tank to an exhaust; a pump within the primary conduit downstream of the output of the tank for pressurising the cryogenic fluid stream; evaporative means within the primary conduit downstream of the pump for vaporising the pressurised cryogenic fluid stream; at least one expansion stage within the primary conduit downstream of the evaporative means for expanding the vaporised cryogenic fluid stream and for extracting work therefrom; a secondary conduit configured to divert at least a portion of the cryogenic fluid stream from the primary conduit and reintroduce it to the fluid storage tank; and pressure control means within the secondary conduit for controlling the flow of the diverted cryogenic fluid stream and thereby controlling the pressure within the tank. The secondary conduit is coupled to the primary conduit downstream of one or more of the at least one expansion stages.

Disclosed is a gas injection apparatus which measures and displays a gas amount supplied to a radiosonde instrument. The gas injection apparatus includes: a body which includes an inlet port through which the gas is introduced from the storage tank, a flow passage through which the gas introduced from the inlet port flows, and an outlet port through which the gas passing through the flow passage is discharged; a valve which opens/closes the flow passage, and a flow meter which is installed in the body and is configured to measure and display the flow rate of the gas supplied to the instrument.

A gas production system for producing high pressure gas is disclosed. The gas production system may perform a method for producing high pressure gaseous fuel. The method may include receiving liquefied fuel in a container having an effective volume, reducing the effective volume of the container, and heating the liquefied fuel. The method may also include releasing some gaseous fuel out of the container. The method may further include increasing the effective volume of the container, cooling residual gaseous fuel, and directing liquefied fuel into the container to replace released gaseous fuel. The method may include converting a change in the effective volume of the container to mechanical power.

Pressure vessels formed from fiber composites are described. The fiber composites include fibers impregnated with a resin system containing surface-modified nanoparticles dispersed in a curable matrix resin.

A system and device for monitoring the content of a gas/liquid or gas only containment vessel such as a cylinder is provided. The disclosed apparatus is easily affixed to a standard gas cylinder and configured to monitor the pressure of the cylinder contents and activate a visual and/or audio alarm when the contents of the gas/liquid cylinder are no longer in a liquid or partially liquid state as well as activate another visual and/or audio alarm at a prescribed pressure when the contents of the cylinder are nearing depletion.

A valve arrangement (10) adapted to be coupled to, and to provide a gas flow from, a gas cylinder (20) containing a pressurized gas (21), the valve arrangement (10) comprising a blocking valve (1) with an obturator (11) movable by an actuator (12) from an opening position permitting a flow of the pressurized gas (21) through the blocking valve (1) into a closing position blocking the flow of the pressurized gas (21) through the blocking valve (1) is provided. Temperature sensing means (4) are provided which are adapted to provide at least one signal, the at least one signal being indicative of one or more temperatures of, in, and/or in vicinity to, the valve arrangement (10), and the actuator (12) is adapted to move the obturator (11) from the opening position into the closing position if the one or more temperatures indicated by the at least one signal are above a predetermined threshold value. A gas supply system (100) and a corresponding method of gas supply is also part of the invention.

A system and method for unloading highly pressurized compressed natural gas from transport vessels by depressurizing the gas through flow lines linking a series of automated flow control valves that lower the gas pressure to a predetermined level, the valves being linked in series with and separated by heat exchangers in which the lower pressure gas flowing through the system is also reheated to a predetermined temperature by a heat exchange medium recirculation system in which the heat exchange medium is reheated by a heat source that can be internal to the system. The use of a minor portion of the depressurized and reheated gas as fuel gas to reheat the heat exchange medium is also disclosed. The subject system can be skid-mounted if desired.

Apparatus and methods for vaporizing liquid nitrogen at sufficient pressure, temperature, and volume to enable a single mobile pumper to meet the needs of many industrial applications. The dual-mode nitrogen pumper of the present invention utilizes a reciprocating pump and heat from the engine coolant and exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine, as well as heat from hydraulic fluid used to load the engine, and transfers that heat to liquid nitrogen pumped through a first heat exchanger and a second, internally-fired heat exchanger is provided to transfer heat to liquid nitrogen pumped through a second heat exchanger. The temperature of the hydraulic fluid is maintained, and the temperature, pressure, and flow rate of the vaporized nitrogen is controlled, by balancing the engine load against the nitrogen pumping rate.

Vessel assemblies, heat transfer units for prefabricated vessels, and methods for heat transfer prefabricated vessel are provided. A heat transfer unit includes a central rod, and a plurality of peripheral rods surrounding the central rod and connected to the central rod. The plurality of peripheral rods are movable between a first collapsed position and a second bowed position, wherein in the second bowed position a midpoint of each of the plurality of peripheral rods is spaced from the central rod relative to in the first position. The heat transfer unit further includes a heat transfer element connected to one of the plurality of peripheral rods.

An apparatus includes a high-pressure tank, a controller, a valve, controlled by the controller, and a heater.