A system and device for monitoring the content of a gas/liquid or gas only containment vessel such as a cylinder is provided. The disclosed apparatus is easily affixed to a standard gas cylinder and configured to monitor the pressure of the cylinder contents and activate a visual and/or audio alarm when the contents of the gas/liquid cylinder are no longer in a liquid or partially liquid state as well as activate another visual and/or audio alarm at a prescribed pressure when the contents of the cylinder are nearing depletion.

A method for supplying helium to at least one end user is disclosed by feeding helium from at least one container of helium to an end user through at least one supply system, wherein a mass flow meter and a pressure transmitter, in electronic communication with a programmable logic controller measures an amount of helium being supplied to the at least one user, provides the amount to the programmable logic controller which provides a signal to the at least one end user of an amount of helium that remains in the at least one container and the temperature therein.

A cryogenic liquid dispensing device may include a cryogenic cylinder for containing a cryogenic liquid. A dispensing pipe may be in fluid communication with the cryogenic cylinder. A dispensing valve may be configured to govern the fluid communication between the dispensing pipe and the cryogenic cylinder. A heating element may be disposed within the cryogenic cylinder, and the heating element may be configured to generate heat within the cryogenic cylinder to increase the pressure within the cryogenic cylinder. By generating heat within the cryogenic cylinder, the pressure within the cylinder may be increased and used to motivate a cryogenic fluid within the cylinder to the dispensing valve and out of the dispensing pipe. Preferably, the device may include a processing unit that may be configured to cause the heating element to generate heat within the cryogenic cylinder when a pressure reader detects a minimum pressure within the cryogenic cylinder.

Provided is a gas supply apparatus for supplying a gas compound obtained by vaporizing a liquid compound to a target location, the gas supply apparatus comprising: a storage vessel capable of storing the liquid compound; a gas compound supply pipeline, one end of which is connected to the storage vessel, and another end of which is capable of being disposed at the target location; and a temperature control device configured to adjust a temperature of the gas compound or the liquid compound within the storage vessel to be equal to or lower than a surrounding temperature of the gas compound supply pipeline.

A super-cooled liquid medium, preferably super-cooled liquid nitrogen, is pumped through a sub-cooler and cooled by the same medium that evaporates in the vacuum. This super-cooled nitrogen is used as coolant for a consumer. If a small amount of heat is emitted by the consumer to the nitrogen, the liquid medium can be guided in the circuit wherein the sub-cooler is arranged. For compensating volume fluctuations, such a circuit requires a compensation vessel, which is very expensive and can only be operated in the presence of a super-cooled medium when either a part of the medium is heated using external energy, or an inert gas which boils at very low temperatures is used as a pressure compensation medium. According to the disclosure, when a supply container for the liquid medium is integrated into the cooling circuit and used as a compensation vessel, a separate compensation vessel is not required.

The invention relates to a new system of distribution of fluids over long distances through space without resorting to the conventional usage of the pipeline system. It consists of three facilities, namely the preparation facility (FIGS. 2 and 3), the fluid transmission/emission facility (FIGS. 4 and 6) and the reception facility (FIGS. 6 and 7).

Indeed, the liquid is raised to a given temperature at the level of the preparation tank (1) until the gas obtaining that is thereafter supplied to the fluid transmission facility (FIGS. 4 and 5) through the evacuator tube (7) provided with a valve (8) which serves to block the gas while the fluid transmission facility (FIGS. 4 and 5), by means of the servomechanism (25), produces energy due to zinc and metalloid alloy fission in the presence of gem crystal. Once energy propelled in space towards the reception facility (FIGS. 6 and 7), the valve (8) is open to allow the gas to pass towards the fluid transmission/emission facility (FIGS. 4 and 5) to use the energy corridor (A) which leads it to the reception facility (FIGS. 6 and 7). Thus the gas arrives at the reception (33) through which it is supplied to the gas holder (24) included in the liquefaction tank (35) placed under the temperature of 256 degree Celsius, which converts the gas to liquid state while retaining its physicochemical properties.

A composite-material pressure vessel (1) has a wall (4) with a reinforcing layer (11) containing one or more reinforcing fibers, wherein the reinforcing layer is an electrical conductor, wherein the wall (4) forms an electrical capacitor (13) having a first plate formed of the reinforcing layer (11), a second plate formed of an electrically conductive layer (15) overlapping the dielectric layer (11), a dielectric layer (14) interposed between the reinforcing layer (11) and the electrically conductive layer (15), as well as electrical terminals (19, 20) connected to the first and the second plates. The vessel control method and system perform electrical tests on the capacitor to derive information about the wall (4) structural condition.

Aspects of the present invention provide a cryogenic fluid delivery system configured to provide a predetermined amount of liquid cryogenic fluid from a reservoir to an apparatus (e.g., a vapor ring of a cryogenic chiller system). A controlled high pressure gas burst is applied to the reservoir to push a predetermined amount of cryogenic fluid from the reservoir to the apparatus.

The invention relates to a container/container support assembly, notably for a medical gas cylinder, comprising a gas container (11) comprising a protective cap (3) comprising a peripheral wall (3), and a container support (20) able and designed to accept and bear said gas container (11). The protective cap (3) of the gas container (11) comprises a fixing element (10) projecting from the surface of the peripheral wall (3), and said container support (20) comprises an attachment system (24) for fixing said container support (20) to a bearing structure (30), and a housing (22) able and designed to accept said fixing element (10) borne by the protective cap (3) of the gas container (11) so as to secure said gas container (11) to said container support (20) when said fixing element (10) is positioned in said housing (22) of the container support (20).

Protective devices for pressurized gas cylinders have a housing which is arranged around an inner cavity intended for receiving an extraction valve and which has access openings for the extraction connection and for further fittings. In order to counteract soiling or contamination of the extraction connection, the invention provides for an elastically deformable safety element to be fastened to the housing in the region of the access opening of the extraction connection, said element being able to be swung out from a closed position, in which the extraction connection is completely covered and/or enclosed by the safety element, into a position in which it frees the extraction connection.