A method of forming a drag reducing polymer formulation. The method begins by forming a drag reducing polymer. A hydrocarbon additive is then incorporated with the drag reducing polymer to form a drag reducing polymer formulation. The drag reducing polymer formulation is then used as a drag reducer in hydrocarbon pipelines.

The invention relates a pipe for drinking water distribution with improved resistance to chlorinated disinfectants characterised in that the pipe is produced with a polymer composition comprising a polyolefin and a bisphenol monoester.

The invention relates a pipe for drinking water distribution with improved resistance to chlorinated disinfectants characterised in that the pipe is produced with a polymer composition comprising a polyolefin and a bisphenol monoester.

A corrosion inhibitor additive is circulated in a system with a corrosion environment to inhibit metal corrosion. The corrosion inhibitor additive includes a first component and a second component. The second component includes without limitation, imidazolines, amides, quaternary amines, carboxylic acid reaction products, organophosphates, phenathradine derivatives, heterocyclic molecules containing one or both of nitrogen and sulfur, and combinations thereof. The first component may have one of the following formulas:

##STR00001##

wherein x is oxygen or hydrogenated nitrogen or quaternized nitrogen; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen, methyl or an alkyl group; p, q and n are independently integers from 1 to 100; and

SHCH.sub.2[CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2].sub.zCH.sub.2SH(A1)

where z is an integer ranging from 1 to 100; and where a lower amount of the corrosion inhibitor additive is used to achieve the same or better results in inhibiting the corrosion of the metal surface as compared to an otherwise identical method for inhibiting corrosion absent the corrosion inhibitor additive.

A corrosion inhibitor additive is circulated in a system with a corrosion environment to inhibit metal corrosion. The corrosion inhibitor additive includes a first component and a second component. The second component includes without limitation, imidazolines, amides, quaternary amines, carboxylic acid reaction products, organophosphates, phenathradine derivatives, heterocyclic molecules containing one or both of nitrogen and sulfur, and combinations thereof. The first component may have one of the following formulas:

##STR00001##

wherein x is oxygen or hydrogenated nitrogen or quaternized nitrogen; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen, methyl or an alkyl group; p, q and n are independently integers from 1 to 100; and

SHCH.sub.2[CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2].sub.zCH.sub.2SH(A1)

where z is an integer ranging from 1 to 100; and where a lower amount of the corrosion inhibitor additive is used to achieve the same or better results in inhibiting the corrosion of the metal surface as compared to an otherwise identical method for inhibiting corrosion absent the corrosion inhibitor additive.

A method of hydraulic fracturing is provided which uses metal silicides to generate significant pressure inside a wellbore. The method comprises injecting a fracturing fluid and an aqueous or reacting fluid into the wellbore to react with the fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid comprises metal silicide, which may be uncoated or coated, and hydrocarbon fluid. The reacting fluid comprises water or a solvent. A method of removing buildup in pipelines such as subsea pipelines which uses metal silicides to generate heat and pressure inside the pipeline is also provided. The method comprises injecting an organic slug and an aqueous slug. The organic slug comprises metal silicide and hydrocarbon fluid. The aqueous slug comprises water. Alternatively, there is also provided a method for purifying flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process comprising adding metal silicide to the flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process.

A method of hydraulic fracturing is provided which uses metal silicides to generate significant pressure inside a wellbore. The method comprises injecting a fracturing fluid and an aqueous or reacting fluid into the wellbore to react with the fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid comprises metal silicide, which may be uncoated or coated, and hydrocarbon fluid. The reacting fluid comprises water or a solvent. A method of removing buildup in pipelines such as subsea pipelines which uses metal silicides to generate heat and pressure inside the pipeline is also provided. The method comprises injecting an organic slug and an aqueous slug. The organic slug comprises metal silicide and hydrocarbon fluid. The aqueous slug comprises water. Alternatively, there is also provided a method for purifying flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process comprising adding metal silicide to the flowback water produced from a hydraulic fracturing process.

The present invention provides a fluid injection system (11) which transitions between a maintenance mode wherein an outlet (15) is closed and no fluid is discharged through the outlet, and an operation mode, wherein the outlet is open and fluid is discharged through the outlet. The fluid injection system injects a first fluid transported in a first pipeline (21) with a second fluid, wherein there is a temperature differential between the first fluid and the second fluid. The fluid injection system comprises a holding tank (49) for storing the second fluid, a cooling means (35) to cool the second fluid, and a pump (39) for delivering the second fluid into the first pipeline. The second fluid mixes with the first fluid in the first pipeline to provide a combined third fluid having a temperature within a predetermined temperature range, wherein the third fluid is maintained within the predetermined temperature range when the fluid injection system is in either mode such that the temperature of the third fluid made available to an outlet is within the predetermined temperature range.

Compounds and compositions are used as corrosion inhibitors for pipelines for crude oil containing water with high salt concentrations. The inhibitors are ionic liquids, imidazoles, benzotriazoles, and mixtures thereof. The composition includes two or more members of the inhibitors with a solvent. The inhibitors reduce corrosion of metallic surfaces of the pipelines containing crude oil having 0.2 and 40 wt % water, 10,000 to 70,000 ppm salt, and 9 to 600 ppm hydrogen sulfide. A synergic effect is provided by two or more different inhibitors. This synergy is derived from interactions with the metallic surface, among themselves or with the corrosive medium depending on the chain length, to inhibit the corrosion with decrease of the formulation dose. The composition can be a ternary formulation of the three families or two components of one family and a third component of a different family.

Compositions may include a wax modifier that is the product of a reaction between a polysaccharide having a number of sugar subunits in the range of 2 to 60 and one or more fatty acid reagents, and a reservoir fluid produced from a subterranean formation comprising one or more components capable of producing waxes. Methods may include contacting a hydrocarbon fluid with a wax modifier, wherein the wax modifier is the product of the reaction of a polysaccharide and one or more fatty acid reagents. Methods may also include introducing a wax modifier into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation, wherein the wax modifier is the product of a reaction between a polysaccharide and one or more fatty acid reagents; producing hydrocarbons from the subterranean formation; and allowing the wax modifier to inhibit the precipitation of a wax.