Treating a sulfide scale includes contacting the sulfide scale with an oxidizing composition that includes a first oxidizer and a second oxidizer.

The embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods and Internet of Things systems for controlling automatic odorization of smart gas device management. The method may include obtaining gas data of a first gas sample at a first position of a smart gas pipeline network based on a sampling device; odorizing at a second position of a smart gas pipeline network based on odorization parameters through an odorization device; obtaining inspection data of a second gas sample at a third position of the smart gas pipeline network based on an inspection device; updating the odorization parameters based on the inspection data through a device parameter remote management module; and odorizing at the second position of the smart gas pipeline network based on the updated odorization parameters through the odorization device.

The embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods and Internet of Things systems for controlling automatic odorization of smart gas device management. The method may include obtaining gas data of a first gas sample at a first position of a smart gas pipeline network based on a sampling device; odorizing at a second position of a smart gas pipeline network based on odorization parameters through an odorization device; obtaining inspection data of a second gas sample at a third position of the smart gas pipeline network based on an inspection device; updating the odorization parameters based on the inspection data through a device parameter remote management module; and odorizing at the second position of the smart gas pipeline network based on the updated odorization parameters through the odorization device.

A subsea high integrity pipeline protection system including a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a first barrier valve connected between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, a second barrier valve connected between the first barrier valve and the fluid outlet, and a bypass circuit which allows fluid to circumvent the barrier valves when closed, wherein the bypass circuit includes first and second bypass valves connected in series, and a third bypass valve connected in parallel to the second bypass valve.

A subsea high integrity pipeline protection system including a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a first barrier valve connected between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, a second barrier valve connected between the first barrier valve and the fluid outlet, and a bypass circuit which allows fluid to circumvent the barrier valves when closed, wherein the bypass circuit includes first and second bypass valves connected in series, and a third bypass valve connected in parallel to the second bypass valve.

A system to prevent the formation of hydrates in a pipeline includes a heater assembly. The heater assembly has a vortex tube mounted on an outer surface of a first section of the pipeline and a compressed gas source. The vortex tube is configured to separate gas from an inlet into a hot gas pathway and a cold gas pathway. The vortex tube includes an inlet, a cold gas outlet, and a hot gas outlet. The hot gas outlet of the vortex tube is fluidly connected to an opening defined in the first section of the pipeline. The hot gas outlet is configured to flow hot gas from the vortex tube into an interior volume of the pipeline. The compressed gas source is fluidly connected to the inlet of the vortex tube.

A valve body structure is provided and includes a main pipe, a secondary pipe and a liquid storage tank, where the liquid storage tank stores a second liquid from the secondary pipe and controls whether the second liquid in the liquid storage tank flows into the main pipe by a solenoid valve, so that the second liquid is mixed with a first liquid in the main pipe. Therefore, the valve body structure can mix liquids without combining other components and has a lower cost and a smaller volume. As such, the issue of the remaining residual liquid when combined with other components for control, which reduces the control accuracy and even causes the problem of mixed pollution, can be avoided.

A method for optimizing a pipeline includes determining a mode of optimization and operation for the pipeline. The method also includes obtaining an objective function quantifying a performance variable as a function of one or more control decisions of the pipeline over a future time horizon. The method includes optimizing the objective function subject to one or more constraints to determine control decisions for the pipeline that result in an optimal value of the performance variable. The method includes operating equipment of the pipeline according to the control decisions.

A method for operating a pipeline system includes obtaining sensor data of a gas in the pipeline system from sensors of a sensing unit. The method also includes performing a real-time and closed loop control scheme using the sensor data and a material model of the gas to determine one or more control decisions. The method also includes operating one or more controllable pipeline elements to adjust a temperature, a pressure, a flow rate, or a composition of the gas according to the one or more control decisions.

A method for operating a pipeline system includes obtaining sensor data of a gas in the pipeline system from sensors of a sensing unit. The method also includes performing a real-time and closed loop control scheme using the sensor data and a material model of the gas to determine one or more control decisions. The method also includes operating one or more controllable pipeline elements to adjust a temperature, a pressure, a flow rate, or a composition of the gas according to the one or more control decisions.