A jig for a sample for a solar photovoltaic device is disclosed. The jig includes a cradle unit supporting the sample and a contact unit including at least one probe pin coming into contact with a busbar of the sample located in the cradle unit. The contact unit includes a coupling plate coupled with the cradle unit and at least one contact bar including a PCB and connected to the coupling plate, the contact bar having at least one probe pin aligned with the busbar of the sample with interposition of a probe pin connecting block. the jig includes a rotation support unit coupled with the cradle unit by a rotation shaft to allow the cradle unit to be rotated at an angle of 180 or greater so that upper and lower surfaces of the sample supported by the cradle unit are reversed.

An artificial skylight structured to emit light for imitating a sun-sky appearance, the artificial skylight comprising a sun-appearance imitating lighting fixture comprising a diffuser frame of visible light diffusing material, the diffuser frame forming side walls of a recessed window and a first light emitting source for emitting first light through the diffuser frame, as well as a sky-appearance imitating lighting fixture comprising 5a light exit panel being of visible light transmissive material and a further light emitting source for emitting second light through the light exit panel; wherein the light exit panel is mounted on the side walls of the recessed window of the diffuser frame of the sun-appearance imitating lighting fixture, and wherein the artificial skylight further comprises an optical element configured to limit first light emitted by the sun-appearance imitating lighting 10 fixture from exiting via the recessed light exit panel of the sky-appearance imitating lighting fixture.

The invention refers to a solar testing device (11) for testing a solar module (6). The solar testing device (11) comprises a test area (12) for the solar module (6) to be tested, a light emitting area (16) comprising an array of LED-modules (17, 17A) arranged opposite to the test area (12) and arranged in a pitch (P) to each other. Further the solar testing device (11) comprises sidewall mirrors (21) extending in the direction from the light emitting area (16) to the test area (12). Guides (26) are provided having each an abutting surface (27) for supporting the solar module (6) whereby the abutting surfaces (27) of the guides (26) lie in the plane (A) of the test area (12).

A system and method provide fail-safe operation of a lighting system. A lighting level detector is used to obtain a baseline lighting level for a low-intensity light. If the detector measures less than the baseline level when an occupancy sensor determines the space is unoccupied, a high-intensity light is energized and an indication is provided to a user that the low-intensity light has failed. A method provides daylighting operation of a lighting system. An occupancy sensor can have Wi-Fi functionality to enable remote configuration of the sensor. A line voltage occupancy sensor can include an interface with low voltage devices. An occupancy sensor can include an integral interface to enable an external control system to override the sensor's normal logic under emergency conditions. An occupancy sensor can include an active temperature compensation feature. An occupancy sensor can also incorporate an automatically adjustable coverage area.

An air conditioner includes a housing including an illumination opening at a position viewable by a user; a blower provided in an airflow path connecting an inlet and outlet; a light emitter provided in the housing viewable through the illumination opening and including a light incident portion to receive light emitted from a first light source and a first light emission portion to emit first light generated from the light and including light simulating natural light; and at least one light extractor emitting second light that is part of the light received by the light emitter that reaches an edge portion of the light emitter without being emitted as the first light or second light received from the first light source or a second light source different from the first light source without intervention of the light emitter. The at least one light extractor is provided in the airflow path.

Techniques for solar cell electrical characterization are provided. In one aspect, a solar testing device is provided. The device includes a solar simulator; and a continuous neutral density filter in front of the solar simulator having regions of varying light attenuation levels ranging from transparent to opaque, the continuous neutral density filter having an area sufficiently large to filter all light generated by the solar simulator, and wherein a position of the continuous neutral density filter relative to the solar simulator is variable so as to control a light intensity produced by the device. A solar cell electrical characterization system and a method for performing a solar cell electrical characterization are also provided.

Apparatus and methods to simulate current local outdoor lighting conditions, current lighting conditions of another location, or programmed outdoor lighting conditions are provided. The apparatus comprises at least one lighting device and one or more computers for controlling the lighting device, and may include one or more photosensors. The apparatus may resemble a window and may be installed on or in a building surface. The lighting device comprises one or multiple lighting elements to emit a spectrum of light, at variable brightness levels, to reproduce a range of outdoor light conditions. The apparatus may comprise elements to produce a directionality or diffuseness to the emitted light. One or more photosensors may sense outdoor lighting conditions, and transmit that information to the computer controlling the apparatus. The apparatus may be programmed without the photosensor, or be internet-connected to access programming or current lighting conditions of another location and/or time.

Various apparatus and associated methods involve a light source that provides light at wavelengths that substantially correlate to local maxima in the spectral sensitivity of a diurnal avian. In an illustrative example, the light source may output light primarily in wavelength bands that are not substantially absorbed by colored oil droplets and/or visual pigment in at least one type of cone in the eye of a diurnal avian. In some embodiments, the light source may include a light-emitting diode (LED) light source. Exemplary light sources may output spectral components to illuminate diurnal avians with local maxima of intensity at wavelengths that substantially correspond to local maxima in a spectral sensitivity visual response characteristic of the diurnal avians.

An apparatus and methods for retrofitting known solar simulator systems to allow the exit beam to be changed in size and location without changing the other fundamental functions of the main optical elements. The solar simulator system is provided with means for de-magnifying the exit beam to provide higher power densities at the illumination plane. By adding or replacing one final optical element, the system user can change the location of the illumination plane and the size of the illumination area. This change in size can increase or decrease the power density of the exit beam.

The invention relates to a method and to a device for the industrial wiring and final testing of photovoltaic concentrator modules, comprising a module frame, a lens disc, a sensor carrier disc, and electrical cable routing, having the following features: a) a laser contacting device for contactless connection of connecting lines between the individual sensor (11) and of connection elements (17) and of collector contact plates (19), wherein the cable routing on the sensor carrier disc (13) has in each case 5 CPV sensors connected in parallel as the basic structure, and said parallel circuits are connected in series, b) a device for testing electrical properties, wherein the CPV sensors (11) per se have a specific voltage applied thereto, and the light emitted therefrom via the lenses (15) is detected and evaluated, and c) a device for testing the tightness (5) of finished concentrator modules, wherein compressed air is applied to the interior of said modules and testing for the emission of compressed air is carried out.