Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

Formulations of reactive materials, such as aluminum, magnesium and alloys thereof, with combustible additives such as wood derivatives or charcoal, provide a composition for neutralizing energetic materials via combustion. Specifically, explosive substances such as ammonium nitrate and urea nitrate, which are commonly used as homemade explosives, are rapidly incinerated in a non-propagating manner by the contact with burning reactive material formulations.

Formulations of reactive materials, such as aluminum, magnesium and alloys thereof, with combustible additives such as wood derivatives or charcoal, provide a composition for neutralizing energetic materials via combustion. Specifically, explosive substances such as ammonium nitrate and urea nitrate, which are commonly used as homemade explosives, are rapidly incinerated in a non-propagating manner by the contact with burning reactive material formulations.

An improved formulation may include an enhanced ability relative to its predicates to destroy toxic threats in the form of sporulated bacteria, bacteria protected by biofilms, planktonic bacteria, fungus, viruses, chemical weapons, toxic chemicals including Fentanyl, its analogs, and a whole host of toxic industrial chemicals. The formulation may include a three part product composed of a buffered detergent chemical system, a hydrogen peroxide chemical system and an accelerator system designed to deliver activated peroxygen species when blended together.

An improved formulation may include an enhanced ability relative to its predicates to destroy toxic threats in the form of sporulated bacteria, bacteria protected by biofilms, planktonic bacteria, fungus, viruses, chemical weapons, toxic chemicals including Fentanyl, its analogs, and a whole host of toxic industrial chemicals. The formulation may include a three part product composed of a buffered detergent chemical system, a hydrogen peroxide chemical system and an accelerator system designed to deliver activated peroxygen species when blended together.

A reagent set includes an oxidant, acid, and adsorbent, which is used in a method for reducing the leachability and release of PFAS, mercury, and other contaminants from soils, sediments, and other solid materials or waste when treated materials are exposed to acid rain, snow melt, runoff, landfill leachate, etc. The reagents are mixed with a quantity of contaminated material and water is added as needed in order to reduce the leachability of the contaminants from the treated host material, where the admixture end-product suitably removes contaminants from fluids that contact and/or otherwise permeate and/or pass through and/or around the treated admixture. The reagent set and method of use offer environmental professionals long-term, economically viable waste management solutions for removing contaminants from contamination source areas, spill and manufacturing release sites, impacted media, and landfills, as well as from the fluids that contact reagent-treated material.

A reagent set includes an oxidant, acid, and adsorbent, which is used in a method for reducing the leachability and release of PFAS, mercury, and other contaminants from soils, sediments, and other solid materials or waste when treated materials are exposed to acid rain, snow melt, runoff, landfill leachate, etc. The reagents are mixed with a quantity of contaminated material and water is added as needed in order to reduce the leachability of the contaminants from the treated host material, where the admixture end-product suitably removes contaminants from fluids that contact and/or otherwise permeate and/or pass through and/or around the treated admixture. The reagent set and method of use offer environmental professionals long-term, economically viable waste management solutions for removing contaminants from contamination source areas, spill and manufacturing release sites, impacted media, and landfills, as well as from the fluids that contact reagent-treated material.

Methods are provided for the removal of sulfur and other ARD/AMD-generating materials through the smoldering combustion of an organic material. The methods comprise admixing an ARD/AMD-generating porous matrix material with an organic material to produce a mixture, exposing the mixture to an oxidant, and initiating a self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture. Additional embodiments aggregate the organic material or ARD/AMD-generating porous matrix material or mixture thereof in an impoundment such as a reaction vessel, depression or matrix pile. Further embodiments utilize at least one heater to initiate combustion and at least one air supply port to supply oxidant to initiate and maintain combustion.

Methods are provided for the removal of sulfur and other ARD/AMD-generating materials through the smoldering combustion of an organic material. The methods comprise admixing an ARD/AMD-generating porous matrix material with an organic material to produce a mixture, exposing the mixture to an oxidant, and initiating a self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture. Additional embodiments aggregate the organic material or ARD/AMD-generating porous matrix material or mixture thereof in an impoundment such as a reaction vessel, depression or matrix pile. Further embodiments utilize at least one heater to initiate combustion and at least one air supply port to supply oxidant to initiate and maintain combustion.

The present invention is directed towards a composition for decontaminating surfaces contaminated with toxic chemicals/substances, comprising at least one type of metal oxyhydroxide such as zirconium hydroxide, Zr(OH).sub.4, optionally with added water for hydration of the solid, mixed into a carrier liquid used for application to a contaminated surface.